Spruces (Picea) are large coniferous evergreen trees found in the Northern Hemisphere but in areas with temperate climates. It bears a conical shape, and both male and female trees produce cones. However, female cones are larger. The fairly smooth branches are whorled and the linear, spirally arranged needlelike leaves are four-sided and singly attached to the branches. The bark is thin and scaly while the scaled cones are cylindrical or egg-shaped. Timber from this tree is highly valued in the paper industry or in making boats and barrels while the cones are used to make spruce tea.

How fast do spruce trees grow?

Spruce trees typically grow at a moderate rate, with an average growth rate of 13 to 24 inches (33-61 cm) per year. However, the rate of growth can vary depending on factors such as the species of spruce, the tree's environment, and the tree's age. In general, spruce trees tend to grow faster when they are younger, and their growth rate slows as they age.

What is the difference between spruce trees and pine trees?

One of the main differences between spruces and pines the shape of the needles. Spruce tree needles are typically four-sided and have a sharp, pointed tip, while pine tree needles are usually longer and more flexible, with a rounded tip. In addition, spruce tree cones are typically smaller and more cylindrical than pine tree cones. The scales on the cones of spruce trees are also more rigid, while the scales on pine tree cones are more flexible.

What are spruce trees typically used for?

One of the most common uses of spruce trees is as a source of wood. Spruce wood is light, strong, and easy to work with, making it a popular choice for construction, furniture-making, and other woodworking projects. In addition, spruce trees are used for their medicinal properties in some traditional and herbal remedies. The essential oils extracted from spruce trees have been used to treat a range of ailments, including respiratory issues, muscle pain, and stress.

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33’-66’ | 10-20 m
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1.18”-1.97” | 30-50 mm (Needle)
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.24”-.51” | 6-13 mm (Needle)
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Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis)
Comparison drawing of the Sitka Spruce compared to similar Spruce species and a person

There are three things the Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis) is known for. It is the largest species of spruce, the third tallest conifer tree, and the fifth largest conifer tree in the world. This evergreen conifer tree is prevalent in southeast Alaska. It grows well in areas with humid climates and is intolerant to dry conditions and air pollution. The bark is thin, scaly, and reddish brown on the inside. It produces a broad and conical crown and pale buff-brown shoots. The needle-like leaves are sharp and dark glaucous blue-green as the cones have thin, flexible scales. Besides, these cones are pendulous and slender. Wood from this tree is used to produce musical instruments.

Sitka Spruces have a typical overall height between 80’-160’ (24.4-48.8 m) and spread diameter of 20’-40’ (6.1-12.2 m). Exceptional mature Sitka Spruce trees may grow to a height of 330’ (100 m) in the wild. The trunk of the Sitka Spruce has a typical diameter of 8’-12’ (2.4-3.7 m) or can grow to an exceptional trunk diameter of 16’-22’ (4.9-6.7 m). The Sitka Spruce has needle-like leaf lengths between .63”-.98” (16-25 mm).

Scaled set of drawings of the Sitka Spruce in front and top views with dimensions
There are three things the Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis) is known for. It is the largest species of spruce, the third tallest conifer tree, and the fifth largest conifer tree in the world. This evergreen conifer tree is prevalent in southeast Alaska. It grows well in areas with humid climates.

Sitka Spruces have a typical overall height between 80’-160’ (24.4-48.8 m) and spread diameter of 20’-40’ (6.1-12.2 m). Exceptional mature Sitka Spruce trees may grow to a height of 330’ (100 m) in the wild. The trunk of the Sitka Spruce has a typical diameter of 8’-12’ (2.4-3.7 m) or can grow to an exceptional trunk diameter of 16’-22’ (4.9-6.7 m). The Sitka Spruce has needle-like leaf lengths between .63”-.98” (16-25 mm).

Scaled set of drawings of the Sitka Spruce in front and top views with dimensions
Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis)
Height:
80’-160’ | 24.4-48.8 m
Width:
20’-40’ | 6.1-12.2 m (Spread)
Length:
.63”-.98” | 16-25 mm (Needle)
Depth:
8’-12’ | 2.4-3.7 m (Trunk); 16’-22’ | 4.9-6.7 m (Trunk Max)
Height (Exceptional)
330’ | 100 m (Max)
Weight:
Area:
Scientific Name
Picea sitchensis

Drawings include:

Sitka Spruce front elevation, plan view

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Weeping Spruce (Picea breweriana)
Scale illustration of an average Weeping Spruce compared to other species of Spruces and a human

The Weeping Spruce (Picea breweriana), is a large evergreen coniferous tree that is part of the Pinaceae family, and it is one of the rarest trees. The Weeping Spruce is native to western North America. It has a distinct crown with horizontal branches and vertical branchlets creating a curtain effect of foliage. The Weeping Spruce has bark that is thin and scaly with a purple-gray color. The leaves of the Weeping Spruce are needle-like and have a glossy dark green color. It also produces cones that are cylindrical and have smooth flexible scales. The Weeping Spruce is vulnerable to extinction.

Weeping Spruces have a typical overall height between 30’-66’ (9.1-20 m) and spread diameter of 13’-20’ (4-6.1 m). Exceptional mature Weeping Spruce trees may grow to a height of 130’ (40 m) in the wild. The trunk of the Weeping Spruce has a diameter of 24”-36” (61-91 cm) with needle-like leaf lengths between .59”-1.18” (15-30 mm).

Pair of dimensioned illustrations of the Weeping Spruce seen from the top and elevation views
The Weeping Spruce (Picea breweriana), is a large evergreen coniferous tree that is part of the Pinaceae family, and it is one of the rarest trees. The Weeping Spruce is native to western North America. It has a distinct crown with horizontal branches and vertical branchlets.

Weeping Spruces have a typical overall height between 30’-66’ (9.1-20 m) and spread diameter of 13’-20’ (4-6.1 m). Exceptional mature Weeping Spruce trees may grow to a height of 130’ (40 m) in the wild. The trunk of the Weeping Spruce has a diameter of 24”-36” (61-91 cm) with needle-like leaf lengths between .59”-1.18” (15-30 mm).

Pair of dimensioned illustrations of the Weeping Spruce seen from the top and elevation views
Weeping Spruce (Picea breweriana)
Height:
30’-66’ | 9.1-20 m
Width:
13’-20’ | 4-6.1 m (Spread)
Length:
.59”-1.18” | 15-30 mm (Needle)
Depth:
24”-36” | 61-91 cm (Trunk)
Height (Exceptional)
130’ | 40 m (Max)
Weight:
Area:
Scientific Name
Picea breweriana

Drawings include:

Weeping Spruce front elevation, plan view

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Norway Spruce (Picea abies)
Size comparison drawing of the Norway Spruce compared to a person and other Spruce species

The Norway Spruce (Picea abies), also known as the European Spruce is an evergreen coniferous tree that belongs to the Pinaceae family. The Norway Spruce is native to Northern, Central, and Eastern Europe. The Norway Spruce has a pyramidal crown and is often used as the main Christmas tree in many countries. Its branches grow mainly in an upwards direction, but can become pendulous as the tree matures. The leaves of the Norway Spruce resemble needles with blunt tips and are dark-green in color. The Norway Spruce also produces the largest cones of any spruce. The Norway Spruce is not in danger of extinction.

Norway Spruces have a typical overall height between 100’-150’ (30-46 m) and spread diameter of 25’-45’ (7.6-13.7 m). Exceptional mature Norway Spruce trees may grow to a height of 200’ (61 m) in the wild. The trunk of the Norway Spruce has a diameter of 3.3’-4.9’ (1-1.5 m) with needle-like leaf lengths between .47”-.94” (12-24 mm).

Set of scaled dimensioned drawings of the Norway Spruce viewed from the front and top
The Norway Spruce (Picea abies), also known as the European Spruce is an evergreen coniferous tree that belongs to the Pinaceae family. The Norway Spruce is native to Northern, Central, and Eastern Europe. The Norway Spruce has a pyramidal crown and is often used as a large Christmas tree.

Norway Spruces have a typical overall height between 100’-150’ (30-46 m) and spread diameter of 25’-45’ (7.6-13.7 m). Exceptional mature Norway Spruce trees may grow to a height of 200’ (61 m) in the wild. The trunk of the Norway Spruce has a diameter of 3.3’-4.9’ (1-1.5 m) with needle-like leaf lengths between .47”-.94” (12-24 mm).

Set of scaled dimensioned drawings of the Norway Spruce viewed from the front and top
Norway Spruce (Picea abies)
Height:
100’-150’ | 30-46 m
Width:
25’-45’ | 7.6-13.7 m (Spread)
Length:
.47”-.94” | 12-24 mm (Needle)
Depth:
3.3’-4.9’ | 1-1.5 m (Trunk)
Height (Exceptional)
200’ | 61 m (Max)
Weight:
Area:
Scientific Name
Picea abies

Drawings include:

Norway Spruce front elevation, plan view

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Serbian Spruce (Picea omorika)
Size comparison drawing of the Serbian Spruce compared to a person and other Spruce species

The Serbian Spruce (Picea omorika), is a medium-sized evergreen coniferous tree that belongs to the Pinaceae family known for being a symbol of Serbian folklore. The Serbian Spruces is native to the Drina River valley in western Serbia as well as eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina. The pyramidal crown of the Serbian Spruce makes it favorable for use as a Christmas tree. The Serbian Spruce has a thick trunk with pendant branches and leaves that resemble needles with a blue-green coloring. The Serbian Spruce is non-flowering and produces cones that are long and have a spindle shape. The Serbian Spruce is in danger of extinction as it is threatened by fires.

Serbian Spruces have a typical overall height between 50’-60’ (15.2-18.3 m) and spread diameter of 15’-25' (4.6-7.6 m). Exceptional mature Serbian Spruce trees may grow to a height of 164’ (50 m) in the wild. The trunk of the Serbian Spruce has a diameter of 30”-40” (.76-1 m) with needle-like leaf lengths between .39”-.79” (10-20 mm).

Set of scaled dimensioned drawings of the Serbian Spruce viewed from the front and top
The Serbian Spruce (Picea omorika), is a medium-sized evergreen coniferous tree that belongs to the Pinaceae family known for being a symbol of Serbian folklore. The Serbian Spruces is native to the Drina River valley in western Serbia as well as eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Serbian Spruces have a typical overall height between 50’-60’ (15.2-18.3 m) and spread diameter of 15’-25' (4.6-7.6 m). Exceptional mature Serbian Spruce trees may grow to a height of 164’ (50 m) in the wild. The trunk of the Serbian Spruce has a diameter of 30”-40” (.76-1 m) with needle-like leaf lengths between .39”-.79” (10-20 mm).

Set of scaled dimensioned drawings of the Serbian Spruce viewed from the front and top
Serbian Spruce (Picea omorika)
Height:
50’-60’ | 15.2-18.3 m
Width:
15’-25' | 4.6-7.6 m (Spread)
Length:
.39”-.79” | 10-20 mm (Needle)
Depth:
30”-40” | .76-1 m (Trunk)
Height (Exceptional)
164’ | 50 m (Max)
Weight:
Area:
Scientific Name
Picea omorika

Drawings include:

Serbian Spruce front elevation, plan view

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Red Spruce (Picea rubens)
Scale illustration of an average Red Spruce compared to other species of Spruces and a human

The Red Spruce (Picea rubens) is a spruce found in eastern North America. Some communities also call it West Virginia spruce, yellow spruce, he-balsma, and eastern spruce. This is at high altitudes in the cool boreal forest with moist well-drained sandy loam soils. It is a shade-tolerant conifer tree that can also grow in places with plenty of sunlight. It produces curved and sharp pointed yellow-green needle-like leaves. The crown is narrow and conical while the thin, scaly bark is gray-brown on the outside but red-brown on the inside. The red spruce produces glossy red-brown cylindrical cones. Wood from this tree is used to produce musical instruments.

Red Spruces have a typical overall height between 60’-75’ (18.3-22.9 m) and spread diameter of 30’-40’ (9.1-12.2 m). Exceptional mature Red Spruce trees may grow to a height of 115’ (35 m) in the wild. The trunk of the Red Spruce has a diameter of 12”-24” (30-61 cm) with needle-like leaf lengths between .47”-.59” (12-15 mm).

Pair of dimensioned illustrations of the Red Spruce seen from the top and elevation views
The Red Spruce (Picea rubens) is a spruce found in eastern North America. Some communities also call it West Virginia spruce, yellow spruce, he-balsma, and eastern spruce. This is at high altitudes in the cool boreal forest with moist well-drained sandy loam soils. It is a shade-tolerant conifer.

Red Spruces have a typical overall height between 60’-75’ (18.3-22.9 m) and spread diameter of 30’-40’ (9.1-12.2 m). Exceptional mature Red Spruce trees may grow to a height of 115’ (35 m) in the wild. The trunk of the Red Spruce has a diameter of 12”-24” (30-61 cm) with needle-like leaf lengths between .47”-.59” (12-15 mm).

Pair of dimensioned illustrations of the Red Spruce seen from the top and elevation views
Red Spruce (Picea rubens)
Height:
60’-75’ | 18.3-22.9 m
Width:
30’-40’ | 9.1-12.2 m (Spread)
Length:
.47”-.59” | 12-15 mm (Needle)
Depth:
12”-24” | 30-61 cm (Trunk)
Height (Exceptional)
115’ | 35 m (Max)
Weight:
Area:
Scientific Name
Picea rubens

Drawings include:

Red Spruce front elevation, plan view

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