Gymnosperms | Gymnospermae

Gymnosperms | Gymnospermae

Description
Description

Gymnosperms also referenced as Acrogymnospermae, compose the plant class that encompasses the seed-producing plant species. Gymnosperms belong to the vascular plant group and are further divided into Conifers, Cycads, Ginkgoes, and Gnetophytes. Gymnosperms are characterized by the unenclosed condition of their seeds which develop on the surface or scale of their leaves. Although Gymnosperms grow seeds, they do not produce flowers or fruits. Gymnosperms are important for their economic purposes as they are used to produce lumber, paper, and resin. There are about 700 living Gymnosperm plant species including the Ginkgo, Sago Palm, Revoluta, and Ephedra.

Common Questions
Common Questions
How do gymnosperms reproduce?

Gymnosperms, also known as naked seed plants, reproduce through the production of seeds. These seeds are not enclosed in fruit, but rather are exposed on the surface of scales or leaves. Pollination, the transfer of pollen from the male reproductive organs to the female reproductive organs, is required for fertilization and seed production. In gymnosperms, pollination is typically accomplished by wind or insects.

What is the most well known gymnosperm?

The most well-known gymnosperm plant is probably the conifer, which includes species such as pine trees, spruce trees, and cedar trees. Conifers are woody plants that are characterized by their needle-like leaves and the production of seeds in cones. Conifers are widely distributed throughout the world and are a major component of many forests. They are also popular as ornamental plants and are often used in landscaping. In addition to conifers, other well-known gymnosperm plants include cycads and ginkgos.

Why are some gymnosperms called 'living fossils'?

Some gymnosperms are referred to as "living fossils" because they have remained relatively unchanged for millions of years and have a long fossil record. These plants have survived through numerous geological and climatic changes and have persisted despite the emergence of many other plant groups. For example, the cycad plant, a type of gymnosperm, has a fossil record dating back to the Permian period, over 280 million years ago. Despite their ancient origins, cycads are still found in tropical and subtropical regions today.

Plants

* Under Development *

30’-50’ | 9.1-15.2 m
15’-30’ | 4.6-9.1 m (Spread)
1’-2’ | .3-.61 m (Trunk)
.08”-.2” | 2-5 mm (Leaf)
Arizona Cypress
1520.000
910.000
61.000
0.500
6000
GUIDE
3D
Arizona Cypress
30’-70’ | 9.1-21.3 m
15’-30’ | 4.6-9.1 m (Spread)
2.6’-6.6’ | .8-2 m (Trunk)
.08”-.16” | 2-4 mm (Leaf)
Atlantic White Cypress
2130.000
910.000
200.000
0.400
2025
GUIDE
3D
Atlantic White Cypress
40’-60’ | 12.2-18.3 m
25’-40’ | 7.6-12.2 m (Spread)
3-6’ | .9-1.8 m (Trunk)
.7”-1.5” | 18-38 mm (Needle)
Atlas Cedar
1830.000
1220.000
180.000
3.800
15100
GUIDE
3D
Atlas Cedar
35’-50’ | 10.7-15.2 m
28’-35’ | 8.5-10.7 m (Spread)
1.6’-3.3’ | .5-1 m (Trunk)
.08”-.2” | 2-5 mm (Leaf)
Baker Cypress
1520.000
1070.000
100.000
0.500
80
GUIDE
3D
Baker Cypress
50’-75’ | 15.2-22.9 m
25’-40' | 7.6-12.2 m (Spread)
3’-6’ | .9-1.8 m (Trunk)
.6”-.8” | 15-20 mm (Leaf)
Bald Cypress
2290.000
1220.000
180.000
2.000
24350
GUIDE
3D
Bald Cypress
49’-82’ | 15-25 m
20’-39’ | 6-12 m (Spread)
20”-59” | .5-1.5 m (Trunk)
.5”-1.25” | 13-32 mm (Needle)
Bigcone Douglas Fir
2500.000
1200.000
150.000
3.200
30
GUIDE
3D
Bigcone Douglas Fir
33’-66’ | 10-20 m
15’-25' | 4.6-7.6 m (Spread)
10”-18” | 25-46 cm (Trunk)
.24”-.59” | 6-15 mm (Needle)
Black Spruce
2000.000
760.000
46.000
1.500
12200
GUIDE
3D
Black Spruce
30’-60’ | 9.1-18.3 m
10’-20' | 3-6.1 m (Spread)
18”-32” | 46-81 cm (Trunk)
.75”-1.25” | 19-32 mm (Needle)
Blue Spruce
1830.000
610.000
81.000
3.200
38900
GUIDE
3D
Blue Spruce
4.9’-6.6’ | 1.5-2 m
6.9’-12.8’ | 2.1-3.9 m (Diameter)
11.8”-31.5” | 30-80 cm (Trunk)
39”-79” | 100-200 cm (Leaf)
Burrawang
200.000
390.000
80.000
200.000
700
GUIDE
3D
Burrawang
45’-65’ | 13.7-19.8 m
20’-30’ | 6.1-9.1 m (Spread)
3.3’-4.9’ | 1-1.5 m (Trunk)
.5”-.75” | 13-19 mm (Needle)
Carolina Hemlock
1980.000
910.000
150.000
1.900
240
GUIDE
3D
Carolina Hemlock
5.9’-7.9’ | 1.8-2.4 m
4.3’-10.8’ | 1.3-3.3 m (Diameter)
5.9”-11.8” | 15-30 cm (Trunk)
27.5”-71” | 70-180 cm (Leaf)
Chestnut Dioon
240.000
330.000
30.000
180.000
9800
GUIDE
3D
Chestnut Dioon
52’-82’ | 15.8-25 m
15’-20’ | 4.6-6 m (Spread)
2.6’-3.3’ | .8-1 m (Trunk)
.04”-.08” | 1-2 mm (Leaf)
Chinese Cypress
2500.000
600.000
100.000
0.200
120
GUIDE
3D
Chinese Cypress
98’-131’ | 30-40 m
26’-36’ | 8-11 m (Spread)
31”-39” | .8-1 m (Trunk)
.75”-1” | 19-25 mm (Needle)
Chinese Douglas Fir
4000.000
1100.000
100.000
2.500
100
GUIDE
3D
Chinese Douglas Fir
40’-50’ | 12.2-15.2 m
40’-50’ | 12.2-15.2 m (Spread)
3.9’-8.2’ | 1.2-2.5 m (Trunk)
.2”-.5” | 5-13 mm (Needle)
Cyprus Cedar
1520.000
1520.000
250.000
1.300
700
GUIDE
3D
Cyprus Cedar
49’-82’ | 15-25 m
20’-45’ | 6.1-13.7 m (Spread)
3.3’-6.6’ | 1-2 m (Trunk)
1”-2” | 25-51 mm (Needle)
Deodar Cedar
2500.000
1370.000
200.000
5.100
27450
GUIDE
3D
Deodar Cedar
70’-200’ | 21.3-61 m (Typical)
15’-35’ | 4.6-10.7 m (Spread)
47”-79” | 1.2-2 m (Trunk)
.75”-1.5” | 19-38 mm (Needle)
Douglas Fir
6100.000
1070.000
200.000
3.800
52100
GUIDE
3D
Douglas Fir
6.6’-9.8’ | 2-3 m
3.8’-7.5’ | 1.15-2.3 m (Diameter)
9.8”-15.75” | 25-40 cm (Trunk)
27.5”-59” | 70-150 cm (Leaf)
Dukou Cycad
300.000
230.000
40.000
150.000
1700
GUIDE
3D
Dukou Cycad
13.1’-23’ | 4-7 m
10.8’-16’ | 3.3-4.9 m (Diameter)
13.8”-15.75” | 35-40 cm (Trunk)
6’-9’ | 183-274 cm (Leaf)
Eastern Cape Giant Cycad
700.000
490.000
40.000
274.000
500
GUIDE
3D
Eastern Cape Giant Cycad
40’-70’ | 12.2-21.3 m
25’-35’ | 7.6-10.7 m (Spread)
2’-3’ | .61-.91 m (Trunk)
.5”-.79” | 13-20 mm (Needle)
Eastern Hemlock
2130.000
1070.000
91.000
2.000
20900
GUIDE
3D
Eastern Hemlock
9.8’-11.5’ | 3-3.5 m
7.9’-12.3’ | 2.4-3.75 m (Diameter)
9.8”-15.75” | 25-40 cm (Trunk)
39”-71” | 100-180 cm (Leaf)
Emperor Sago
350.000
375.000
40.000
180.000
1400
GUIDE
3D
Emperor Sago
82’-131’ | 25-40 m
10’-20' | 3-6.1 m (Spread)
30”-59” | 75-150 cm (Trunk)
.59”-1.18” | 15-30 mm (Needle)
Engelmann Spruce
4000.000
610.000
150.000
3.000
5000
GUIDE
3D
Engelmann Spruce
19.7’-26.2’ | 6-8 m
9.8’-15.75’ | 3-4.8 m (Diameter)
19.7”-31.5” | 50-80 cm (Trunk)
59”-98” | 150-250 cm (Leaf)
Giant Burrawang
800.000
480.000
80.000
250.000
300
GUIDE
3D
Giant Burrawang
3.9’-11.8’ | 1.2-3.6 m
9.8’-15.6’ | 3-4.75 m (Diameter)
12”-16” | 30.5-41 cm (Trunk)
59”-83” | 150-210 cm (Leaf)
Giant Dioon
360.000
475.000
41.000
210.000
1700
GUIDE
3D
Giant Dioon
50’-75’ | 15.2-22.9 m
10’-30’ | 3-9.1 m (Spread)
3.3’-10’ | 1-3 m (Trunk)
.08”-.16” | 2-4 mm (Leaf)
Hinoki Cypress
2290.000
910.000
300.000
0.400
15650
GUIDE
3D
Hinoki Cypress
70’-100’ | 21-30 m
20’-35’ | 6.1-10.7 m (Spread)
4’-7’ | 1.2-2.1 m (Trunk)
.25”-.5” | 6-13 mm (Leaf)
Incense Cedar
3000.000
1070.000
210.000
1.300
4500
GUIDE
3D
Incense Cedar
40’-70’ | 12.2-21.3 m
5’-10’ | 1.5-3 m (Spread)
1.6’-3.3’ | .5-1 m (Trunk)
.08”-.2” | 2-5 mm (Leaf)
Italian Cypress
2130.000
300.000
100.000
0.500
15500
GUIDE
3D
Italian Cypress
50’-70’ | 15.2-21.3 m
10’-25’ | 3-7.6 m (Spread)
1.5’-3’ | .5-.9 m (Trunk)
.5”-.75” | 13-19 mm (Leaf)
Japanese Cedar
2130.000
760.000
90.000
1.900
3320
GUIDE
3D
Japanese Cedar
65’-82’ | 20-25 m
26’-33’ | 8-10 m (Spread)
16”-28” | .4-.7 m (Trunk)
.5”-1” | 15-25 mm (Needle)
Japanese Douglas Fir
2500.000
1000.000
70.000
2.500
40
GUIDE
3D
Japanese Douglas Fir
49’-66’ | 15-20 m
13’-22’ | 4-6.7 m (Spread)
3.3’-9.8’ | 1-3 m (Trunk)
.06”-.12” | 1.5-3 mm (Leaf)
Kashmir Cypress
2000.000
670.000
300.000
0.300
25
GUIDE
3D
Kashmir Cypress
3.3’-6.6’ | 1-2 m
3.6’-11.5’ | 1.1-3.5 m (Diameter)
7.9”-11.8” | 20-30 cm (Trunk)
20”-59” | 50-150 cm (Leaf)
King Sago
200.000
350.000
30.000
150.000
73000
GUIDE
3D
King Sago
40’-60’ | 12.2-18.3 m
10’-18’ | 3-5.5 m (Spread)
4’-9’ | 1.2-2.7 m (Trunk)
.12”-.2” | 3-5 mm (Leaf)
Lawson Cypress
1830.000
550.000
270.000
0.500
1950
GUIDE
3D
Lawson Cypress
40’-60’ | 12.2-18.3 m
40’-70’ | 12.2-21.3 m (Spread)
4.9’-6.9’ | 1.5-2.1 m (Trunk)
.79”-1.57” | 20-40 mm (Needle)
Lebanese Cedar
1830.000
2130.000
210.000
4.000
9500
GUIDE
3D
Lebanese Cedar
40’-50’ | 12.2-15.2 m
15’-30’ | 4.6-9.1 m (Spread)
24”-32” | 61-81 cm (Trunk)
.51”-.98” | 13-25 mm (Needle)
Meyer Spruce
1520.000
910.000
81.000
2.500
1350
GUIDE
3D
Meyer Spruce
40’-70’ | 12.2-21.3 m
20’-80’ | 6.1-24.4 m (Spread)
3.3’-8.2’ | 1-2.5 m (Trunk)
.08”-.2” | 2-5 mm (Leaf)
Monterey Cypress
2130.000
2440.000
250.000
0.500
3300
GUIDE
3D
Monterey Cypress
50’-80’ | 15.2-24.4 m
25’-40' | 7.6-12.2 m (Spread)
3.3’-8.2’ | 1-2.5 m (Trunk)
.4”-.8” | 10-20 mm (Leaf)
Montezuma Bald Cypress
2440.000
1220.000
250.000
2.000
1150
GUIDE
3D
Montezuma Bald Cypress
30’-70’ | 9.1-21.3 m
20’-35' | 3-10.7 m (Spread)
3.3’-6.6’ | 1-2 m (Trunk)
1.18”-1.97” | 30-50 mm (Needle)
Morinda Spruce
2130.000
1070.000
200.000
5.000
720
GUIDE
3D
Morinda Spruce
66’-131’ | 20-40 m
10’-18’ | 3-5.5 m (Spread)
2.5’-3.5’ | .76-1.07 m (Trunk)
.5”-.75” | 13-19 mm (Needle)
Mountain Hemlock
4000.000
550.000
107.000
1.900
2900
GUIDE
3D
Mountain Hemlock
6.6’-39.4’ | 2-12 m
13.1’-18.4’ | 4-5.6 m (Diameter)
5.9”-23.6” | 15-60 cm (Trunk)
59”-95” | 150-240 cm (Leaf)
Nepal Cycas
1200.000
560.000
60.000
240.000
3200
GUIDE
3D
Nepal Cycas
20’-35’ | 6.1-10.7 m
8’-15’ | 2.4-4.6 m (Spread)
1.6’-6.6’ | .5-2 m (Trunk)
.08”-.12” | 2-3 mm (Leaf)
Nootka Cypress
1070.000
460.000
200.000
0.300
350
GUIDE
3D
Nootka Cypress
40’-60’ | 12-18 m
10’-20’ | 3-6.1 m (Spread)
2’-5’ | .6-1.5 m (Trunk)
.12”-.2” | 3-5 mm (Leaf)
Northern White Cedar
1800.000
610.000
150.000
0.500
2500
GUIDE
3D
Northern White Cedar
100’-150’ | 30-46 m
25’-45’ | 7.6-13.7 m (Spread)
3.3’-4.9’ | 1-1.5 m (Trunk)
.47”-.94” | 12-24 mm (Needle)
Norway Spruce
4600.000
1370.000
150.000
2.400
58090
GUIDE
3D
Norway Spruce
25’-50’ | 7.6-15.2 m
15’-25' | 4.6-7.6 m (Spread)
3.3’-4.9’ | 1-1.5 m (Trunk)
.24”-.51” | 6-13 mm (Needle)
Oriental Spruce
1520.000
760.000
150.000
1.300
4050
GUIDE
3D
Oriental Spruce
9.8’-32.8’ | 3-10 m
6.2’-11.5’ | 1.9-3.5 m (Diameter)
11.8”-23.6” | 30-60 cm (Trunk)
24”-47” | 60-120 cm (Leaf)
Palm Corcho
1000.000
350.000
60.000
120.000
40
GUIDE
3D
Palm Corcho
13.1’-23’ | 4-7 m
9.8’-19’ | 3-5.8 m (Diameter)
24”-36” | 61-91 cm (Trunk)
4.9’-9.8’ | 150-300 cm (Leaf)
Pineapple Cycad
700.000
580.000
91.000
300.000
600
GUIDE
3D
Pineapple Cycad
50’-60’ | 15.2-18.3 m
10’-20’ | 3-6.1 m (Spread)
1.3’-2.3’ | .4-.7 m (Trunk)
.12”-.4” | 3-10 mm (Leaf)
Pond Cypress
1830.000
610.000
70.000
1.000
1300
GUIDE
3D
Pond Cypress
5.9’-19.7’ | 1.8-6 m
11.8’-14.1’ | 3.6-4.3 m (Diameter)
15.75”-17.7” | 40-45 cm (Trunk)
71”-95” | 180-240 cm (Leaf)
Queen Sago
600.000
430.000
45.000
240.000
4200
GUIDE
3D
Queen Sago
60’-75’ | 18.3-22.9 m
30’-40’ | 9.1-12.2 m (Spread)
12”-24” | 30-61 cm (Trunk)
.47”-.59” | 12-15 mm (Needle)
Red Spruce
2290.000
1220.000
61.000
1.500
3900
GUIDE
3D
Red Spruce
25’-35’ | 7.6-10.7 m
20’-30’ | 6.1-9.1 m (Spread)
3’-5’ | .91-1.5 m (Trunk)
.06”-.12” | 1.5-3 mm (Leaf)
Sawara False Cypress
1070.000
910.000
150.000
0.300
150
GUIDE
3D
Sawara False Cypress
50’-60’ | 15.2-18.3 m
15’-25' | 4.6-7.6 m (Spread)
30”-40” | .76-1 m (Trunk)
.39”-.79” | 10-20 mm (Needle)
Serbian Spruce
1830.000
760.000
100.000
2.000
13000
GUIDE
3D
Serbian Spruce
80’-160’ | 24.4-48.8 m
20’-40’ | 6.1-12.2 m (Spread)
8’-12’ | 2.4-3.7 m (Trunk); 16’-22’ | 4.9-6.7 m (Trunk Max)
.63”-.98” | 16-25 mm (Needle)
Sitka Spruce
4880.000
910.000
370.000
2.500
13800
GUIDE
3D
Sitka Spruce
15’-30’ | 4.6-9.1 m
15’-30’ | 4.6-9.1 m (Spread)
1.6’-2.6’ | .5-.8 m (Trunk)
.05”-.08” | 1.2-2 mm (Leaf)
Tecate Cypress
910.000
910.000
80.000
0.200
80
GUIDE
3D
Tecate Cypress
3.6’-7.2’ | 1.1-2.2 m
3’-5.9’ | .9-1.8 m (Diameter)
5.9”-11.8” | 15-30 cm (Trunk)
39”-79” | 100-200 cm (Leaf)
Teosinte
220.000
180.000
30.000
200.000
500
GUIDE
3D
Teosinte
30’-66’ | 9.1-20 m
13’-20’ | 4-6.1 m (Spread)
24”-36” | 61-91 cm (Trunk)
.59”-1.18” | 15-30 mm (Needle)
Weeping Spruce
2000.000
610.000
91.000
3.000
3600
GUIDE
3D
Weeping Spruce
148’-197’ | 45-60 m
33’-49’ | 10-15 m (Spread)
2’-4’ | .61-1.22 m (Trunk)
.39”-.79” | 10-20 mm (Needle)
Western Hemlock
6000.000
1500.000
122.000
2.000
13500
GUIDE
3D
Western Hemlock
100’-150’ | 30-46 m
15’-30’ | 4.6-9.1 m (Spread)
6’-13’ | 1.8-4 m (Trunk)
.12”-.24” | 3-6 mm (Leaf)
Western Red Cedar
4600.000
910.000
400.000
0.600
250
GUIDE
3D
Western Red Cedar
40’-60’ | 12.2-18.3 m
10’-20' | 3-6.1 m (Spread)
24”-39” | 61-100 cm (Trunk)
.47”-.79” | 12-20 mm (Needle)
White Spruce
1830.000
610.000
100.000
2.000
35000
GUIDE
3D
White Spruce
16.4’-19.7’ | 5-6 m
7.9’-15.75’ | 2.4-4.8 m (Diameter)
11.8”-35.4” | 30-90 cm (Trunk)
4.9’-9.8’ | 150-300 cm (Leaf)
Wood’s Cycad
600.000
480.000
90.000
300.000
1800
GUIDE
3D
Wood’s Cycad
1.6’-9.8’ | .5-3 m
5.25’-9.2’ | 1.6-2.8 m (Diameter)
9.8”-17.7” | 25-45 cm (Trunk)
47”-87” | 120-220 cm (Leaf)
Zamia Palm
300.000
280.000
45.000
220.000
350
GUIDE
3D
Zamia Palm
3.3’-5.9’ | 1-1.8 m
4.6’-9.5’ | 1.4-2.9 m (Diameter)
11.8”-13.8” | 30-35 cm (Trunk)
39”-79” | 100-200 cm (Leaf)
Zululand Cycad
180.000
290.000
35.000
200.000
1200
GUIDE
3D
Zululand Cycad
Red Spruce (Picea rubens)
Scale illustration of an average Red Spruce compared to other species of Spruces and a human

The Red Spruce (Picea rubens) is a spruce found in eastern North America. Some communities also call it West Virginia spruce, yellow spruce, he-balsma, and eastern spruce. This is at high altitudes in the cool boreal forest with moist well-drained sandy loam soils. It is a shade-tolerant conifer tree that can also grow in places with plenty of sunlight. It produces curved and sharp pointed yellow-green needle-like leaves. The crown is narrow and conical while the thin, scaly bark is gray-brown on the outside but red-brown on the inside. The red spruce produces glossy red-brown cylindrical cones. Wood from this tree is used to produce musical instruments.

Red Spruces have a typical overall height between 60’-75’ (18.3-22.9 m) and spread diameter of 30’-40’ (9.1-12.2 m). Exceptional mature Red Spruce trees may grow to a height of 115’ (35 m) in the wild. The trunk of the Red Spruce has a diameter of 12”-24” (30-61 cm) with needle-like leaf lengths between .47”-.59” (12-15 mm).

Pair of dimensioned illustrations of the Red Spruce seen from the top and elevation views
The Red Spruce (Picea rubens) is a spruce found in eastern North America. Some communities also call it West Virginia spruce, yellow spruce, he-balsma, and eastern spruce. This is at high altitudes in the cool boreal forest with moist well-drained sandy loam soils. It is a shade-tolerant conifer.

Red Spruces have a typical overall height between 60’-75’ (18.3-22.9 m) and spread diameter of 30’-40’ (9.1-12.2 m). Exceptional mature Red Spruce trees may grow to a height of 115’ (35 m) in the wild. The trunk of the Red Spruce has a diameter of 12”-24” (30-61 cm) with needle-like leaf lengths between .47”-.59” (12-15 mm).

Pair of dimensioned illustrations of the Red Spruce seen from the top and elevation views
Red Spruce (Picea rubens)
Height:
60’-75’ | 18.3-22.9 m
Width:
30’-40’ | 9.1-12.2 m (Spread)
Length:
.47”-.59” | 12-15 mm (Needle)
Depth:
12”-24” | 30-61 cm (Trunk)
Height (Exceptional)
115’ | 35 m (Max)
Weight:
Area:
Scientific Name
Picea rubens

Drawings include:

Red Spruce front elevation, plan view

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Dukou Cycad (Cycas panzhihuaensis)
Comparison drawing of the Dukou Cycad compared to similar Cycad species and a person

In the wild, the Dukou Cycad (Cycas panzhihuaensis) is found in the Chinese provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan. The seeds are small, and the trunk is unbranched–this separates it from the common sago. It grows well among thickets or grassy places on limestone or sand shale soils with little tree cover. This is in areas with either cold winters or warm, humid summers. Hence, highly tolerant of dry periods and frosts. The dukou cycad is a slow-growing, palm-like evergreen tree with erect stems and a top or crown covered in many large, spreading leaves. It is highly cherished for food and medicinal purposes.

Dukou Cycads have an overall height between 6.6’-9.8’ (2-3 m) and diameter of 3.8’-7.5’ (1.15-2.3 m). The trunk of the Dukou Cycad has a diameter of 9.8”-15.75” (25-40 cm) with leaf lengths between 27.5”-59” (70-150 cm).

Scaled set of drawings of the Dukou Cycad in front and top views with dimensions for height and width
In the wild, the Dukou Cycad (Cycas panzhihuaensis) is found in the Chinese provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan. The seeds are small, and the trunk is unbranched–this separates it from the common sago. It grows well among thickets or grassy places on limestone or sand shale soils with little tree cover.

Dukou Cycads have an overall height between 6.6’-9.8’ (2-3 m) and diameter of 3.8’-7.5’ (1.15-2.3 m). The trunk of the Dukou Cycad has a diameter of 9.8”-15.75” (25-40 cm) with leaf lengths between 27.5”-59” (70-150 cm).

Scaled set of drawings of the Dukou Cycad in front and top views with dimensions for height and width
Dukou Cycad (Cycas panzhihuaensis)
Height:
6.6’-9.8’ | 2-3 m
Width:
3.8’-7.5’ | 1.15-2.3 m (Diameter)
Length:
27.5”-59” | 70-150 cm (Leaf)
Depth:
9.8”-15.75” | 25-40 cm (Trunk)
Weight:
Area:
Scientific Name
Cycas panzhihuaensis

Drawings include:

Dukou Cycad front elevation, plan view

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Lawson Cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana)
Scale illustration of an average Lawson Cypress compared to other species of Cypresses and a human

The Lawson Cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana), also known as the Port Orford Cedar, is an evergreen coniferous tree that can live for hundreds of years. The Lawson Cypress is native to both Oregon and northwestern California in the United States, found in valleys and along streams. The foliage of the Lawson Cypress grows in flat sprays giving the tree a feathery appearance and its trunk has a red-brown bark coloring. The leaves of the Lawson Cypress are narrow, scale-like, and produce a pungent scent. The Lawson Cypress produces cones and is non-flowering. The Lawson Cypress is considered to be near threatened to extinction.

Lawson Cypresses have a typical overall height between 40’-60’ (12.2-18.3 m) and spread diameter of 10’-18’ (3-5.5 m). Exceptional mature Lawson Cypress trees may grow to heights of 175’ (53 m) in the wild. The trunk of the Lawson Cypress has a diameter of 4’-9’ (1.2-2.7 m) with scale-like leaf lengths between .12”-.2” (3-5 mm).

Pair of dimensioned illustrations of the Lawson Cypress seen from the top and elevation views
The Lawson Cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana), also known as the Port Orford Cedar, is an evergreen coniferous tree that can live for hundreds of years. The Lawson Cypress is native to both Oregon and northwestern California in the United States, found in valleys and along streams.

Lawson Cypresses have a typical overall height between 40’-60’ (12.2-18.3 m) and spread diameter of 10’-18’ (3-5.5 m). Exceptional mature Lawson Cypress trees may grow to heights of 175’ (53 m) in the wild. The trunk of the Lawson Cypress has a diameter of 4’-9’ (1.2-2.7 m) with scale-like leaf lengths between .12”-.2” (3-5 mm).

Pair of dimensioned illustrations of the Lawson Cypress seen from the top and elevation views
Lawson Cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana)
Height:
40’-60’ | 12.2-18.3 m
Width:
10’-18’ | 3-5.5 m (Spread)
Length:
.12”-.2” | 3-5 mm (Leaf)
Depth:
4’-9’ | 1.2-2.7 m (Trunk)
Height (Exceptional)
175’ | 53 m (Max)
Weight:
Area:
Scientific Name
Chamaecyparis lawsoniana

Drawings include:

Lawson Cypress front elevation, plan view

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Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis)
Scale illustration of an average Eastern Hemlock compared to other species of Hemlocks and a human

The Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) is native to eastern North America and is the state tree of Pennsylvania. It is also called the Canadian hemlock or the eastern hemlock-spruce. The plant has a long lifespan and is tolerant to shade. It has a brownish and deeply fissured bark and broadly conic crown. The Eastern Hemlock prefers high altitude but humid and cool conditions on a hillside, ravine, rocky ridges, and soil with a lot of moisture. It has short, flat, blunt, flexible dark green to pale silver needles, shallow roots making it vulnerable to drought and strong winds. The tree is monoecious, and its bark is used for making drugs.

Eastern Hemlocks have a typical overall height between 40’-70’ (12.2-21.3 m) and spread diameter of 25’-35’ (7.6-10.7 m). Exceptional mature Eastern Hemlock trees may grow to heights of 100’ (30.5 m) in the wild. The trunk of the Eastern Hemlock has a diameter of 2’-3’ (.61-.91 m) with needle-like leaf lengths between .5”-.79” (13-20 mm).

Pair of dimensioned illustrations of the Eastern Hemlock seen from the top and elevation views
The Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) is native to eastern North America and is the state tree of Pennsylvania. It is also called the Canadian hemlock or the eastern hemlock-spruce. The plant has a long lifespan and is tolerant to shade. It has a brownish and deeply fissured bark and conic crown.

Eastern Hemlocks have a typical overall height between 40’-70’ (12.2-21.3 m) and spread diameter of 25’-35’ (7.6-10.7 m). Exceptional mature Eastern Hemlock trees may grow to heights of 100’ (30.5 m) in the wild. The trunk of the Eastern Hemlock has a diameter of 2’-3’ (.61-.91 m) with needle-like leaf lengths between .5”-.79” (13-20 mm).

Pair of dimensioned illustrations of the Eastern Hemlock seen from the top and elevation views
Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis)
Height:
40’-70’ | 12.2-21.3 m
Width:
25’-35’ | 7.6-10.7 m (Spread)
Length:
.5”-.79” | 13-20 mm (Needle)
Depth:
2’-3’ | .61-.91 m (Trunk)
Height (Exceptional)
100’ | 30.5 m (Max)
Weight:
Area:
Scientific Name
Tsuga canadensis

Drawings include:

Eastern Hemlock front elevation, plan view

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Oriental Spruce (Picea orientalis)
Comparison drawing of the Oriental Spruce compared to similar Spruce species and a person

The attractive shiny, dark green, short needles of the Oriental spruce (Picea orientalis) make it an extremely attractive ornamental tree. It has a columnar growth habit and bright red male cones. This evergreen conifer tree has a conic crown and smooth pink-gray bark. It is native to the Caucasus. The shoots are hairy and orange-brown when young and turn gray-brown with age while foliar buds are ovoid-conical, and leaves have blunt tips. It produces bright deep red pollen cones and dark purple seed cones. The oriental spruce grows well in soils with adequate moisture, such as shaded slopes or deep protected ravines.

Oriental Spruces have a typical overall height between 25’-50’ (7.6-15.2 m) and spread diameter of 15’-25' (4.6-7.6 m). Exceptional mature Oriental Spruce trees may grow to a height of 125’ (38 m) in the wild. The trunk of the Oriental Spruce has a diameter of 3.3’-4.9’ (1-1.5 m) with needle-like leaf lengths between .24”-.51” (6-13 mm).

Scaled set of drawings of the Oriental Spruce in front and top views with dimensions
The attractive shiny, dark green, short needles of the Oriental spruce (Picea orientalis) make it an extremely attractive ornamental tree. It has a columnar growth habit and bright red male cones. This evergreen conifer tree has a conic crown and smooth pink-gray bark. It is native to the Caucasus.

Oriental Spruces have a typical overall height between 25’-50’ (7.6-15.2 m) and spread diameter of 15’-25' (4.6-7.6 m). Exceptional mature Oriental Spruce trees may grow to a height of 125’ (38 m) in the wild. The trunk of the Oriental Spruce has a diameter of 3.3’-4.9’ (1-1.5 m) with needle-like leaf lengths between .24”-.51” (6-13 mm).

Scaled set of drawings of the Oriental Spruce in front and top views with dimensions
Oriental Spruce (Picea orientalis)
Height:
25’-50’ | 7.6-15.2 m
Width:
15’-25' | 4.6-7.6 m (Spread)
Length:
.24”-.51” | 6-13 mm (Needle)
Depth:
3.3’-4.9’ | 1-1.5 m (Trunk)
Height (Exceptional)
125’ | 38 m (Max)
Weight:
Area:
Scientific Name
Picea orientalis

Drawings include:

Oriental Spruce front elevation, plan view

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