Steel framed walls are a type of building construction that uses steel studs instead of wood studs. Steel studs are made of cold-formed steel, which is a type of steel that is rolled into thin sheets. Steel studs are strong and durable, and they can be used to build walls that are both safe and energy-efficient. Steel framed walls are also resistant to fire, insects, and rot, which makes them a good choice for buildings in areas with harsh climates.
The first steel framed buildings were constructed in the United States and England in the 1850s. However, the use of steel framed walls did not become widespread until the 20th century. In the early 20th century, steel framed walls were used in a variety of commercial and industrial buildings. In the mid-20th century, steel framed walls began to be used in residential construction. Today, steel framed walls are the most common type of wall framing used in commercial construction.
Steel framed walls are often used instead of wood framed walls in scenarios requiring higher structural strength, durability, and resistance to fire or termites. They are prevalent in commercial and industrial construction due to their ability to support larger loads and longer spans. Additionally, in areas with limited wood availability or where sustainability is a priority, steel is favored for its recyclability and reduced environmental impact. Steel framing also performs well in areas prone to earthquakes, due to its ductility and strength.
Steel framed walls can fail due to various factors including overload, which causes buckling or yielding of members. Inadequate bracing may lead to lateral-torsional buckling. Corrosion from exposure to moisture can weaken the steel. Poor design or construction practices can result in insufficient load paths and connections. Additionally, steel loses strength in high temperatures, so fire can compromise structural integrity. In seismic regions, inadequate ductility or detailing may lead to failure during an earthquake.
Steel framed walls are constructed by first assembling a skeleton of vertical steel studs and horizontal tracks. The studs are secured within the tracks at the top and bottom. Sheathing materials like gypsum board are then attached to the steel frame for rigidity and surface finish. Openings for doors and windows are framed using headers. Electrical and plumbing utilities are routed through punch-outs in the studs. Finally, interior finishes and insulation can be added as needed.
