Ramps are inclined surfaces that join different levels of a space. Commonly used at the entrances of buildings to accommodate level changes from the exterior grade to the interior floor, ramps provide accessibility for wheelchair users, individuals with disabilities, and wheeled equipment. The maximum slope of a ramp is calculated to provide comfortable and easy access to the building. Low ramp slope ratios will require longer runs, while steeper slopes can have shorter lengths.
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Switchback ramps are accessible ramps designed with a 180° change of direction along the accessible route. The inner handrail of a switchback ramp must remain continuous.
The landings of switchback ramps must maintain consistent minimum widths and depths of 60” (152.4 cm) along the entire change of direction running parallel to the ramp run. Landings with minimum lengths of 60” (152.4 cm) and widths consistent to the width of the ramp must be provided at the top and bottom of any straight run portions of the switchback ramp.
The landings of switchback ramps must maintain consistent minimum widths and depths of 60” (152.4 cm) along the entire change of direction running parallel to the ramp run. Landings with minimum lengths of 60” (152.4 cm) and widths consistent to the width of the ramp must be provided at the top and bottom of any straight run portions of the switchback ramp.
Landing Depth (Minimum): 60” | 152.4 cm
Landing Width (Minimum): 60” | 152.4 cm
Landing Length (Minimum): Combined widths of both runs
Drawings include:
Ramp Landings Switchback plan (wheelchair user), elevation
ADA accessible ramps must maintain are ramp surfaces that must maintain regulated dimensions and be constructed as slip-resistant, stable, and firm systems.
ADA accessible ramps must maintain a minimum clear width of 36” (91.4 cm) at all times. The cross slope along the width of any ramp must be less than 1:50 or <2%. The 36” (91.4 cm) clear width must be maintained between all including handrails.
ADA accessible ramps must maintain a minimum clear width of 36” (91.4 cm) at all times. The cross slope along the width of any ramp must be less than 1:50 or <2%. The 36” (91.4 cm) clear width must be maintained between all including handrails.
Minimum Clear Width: 36” | 91.4 cm
Cross Slope: < 1:50
Handrail Height: 34”-38” | 86.4-96.5 cm
Drawings include:
Ramp Width section (wheelchair user)
Wall mounted ramp handrails are handrails used along any accessible ramp that is comprised of walls on one or either side of the run. Curbs are not required if the walls are continuously connected to the ramp surface. Handrails along both sides of a ramp are required on any ramp system with a rise greater than 6” (15.2 cm) or a horizontal run greater than 72” (182.9 cm). The top grippable surface of any ramp handrail must be set at a height between 34”-38” (86.4-96.5 cm) above the ramp surface and a minimum clear width of 36” (91.4 cm) must be provided between handrails. Inner handrails on a switchback or turned ramp must always be continuous.
When handrails are attached to a wall, an offset gap of at least 1.5” (3.8 cm) must be continuously maintained between the handrail and the wall surface. In situations where a handrail is not continuous, handrails must extend at least another 12” (30.5 cm) parallel to the flat surface of the ramp landing.
When handrails are attached to a wall, an offset gap of at least 1.5” (3.8 cm) must be continuously maintained between the handrail and the wall surface. In situations where a handrail is not continuous, handrails must extend at least another 12” (30.5 cm) parallel to the flat surface of the ramp landing.
Handrail Height: 34”-38” | 86.4-96.5 cm above ramp surface
Space Between Handrail and Wall: 1.5” | 3.8 cm
Handrail Extensions (Landings): 12” | 30.5 cm
Clear Width (Minimum): 36” | 91.4 cm between handrails
Drawings include:
Ramp Guardrails - Wall Mounted Handrails side elevation, section, side (wheelchair user), section (wheelchair user)
Straight run ramps are accessible ramps designed without any changes in direction along the accessible route. Requiring landings at both the top and bottom of the ramp run, straight run ramp landings must maintain widths that are at least the dimension of the ramp runs connected to it.
The length of landings along a straight rump ramp must be at least 60” (152.4 cm).
The length of landings along a straight rump ramp must be at least 60” (152.4 cm).
Landing Length (Minimum): 60” | 152.4 cm
Landing Width (Minimum): At least as wide as the ramp run
Drawings include:
Ramp Landings plan (wheelchair user), elevation
Utility ramp handrails are common all-in-one safety components used along any accessible ramp that typically provide user assistance and protection from falling off a ramp. As free-standing elements, utliity handrails must double as both an assistive handrail and a guardrail that prevents users from accessing the edge of the ramp. For edge protection, utility handrails must include either curbs or barriers at a minimum of 4” (10.2 cm) high along the ramp edge, or an integrated parallel bar at the bottom of the handrail that would restrict the passage of a 4” (10.2 cm) diameter sphere.
Handrails along both sides of a ramp are required on any ramp system with a rise greater than 6” (15.2 cm) or a horizontal run greater than 72” (182.9 cm). The top grippable surface of any ramp handrail must be set at a height between 34”-38” (86.4-96.5 cm) above the ramp surface and a minimum clear width of 36” (91.4 cm) must be provided between handrails. In situations where a handrail is not continuous, handrails must extend at least another 12” (30.5 cm) parallel to the flat surface of the ramp landing. Inner handrails on a switchback or turned ramp must always be continuous. The ends of any handrail should be rounded or returned smoothly to the floor, wall, or post.
Handrail Height: 34”-38” | 86.4-96.5 cm above ramp surface
Handrail Extensions (Landings): 12” | 30.5 cm
Clear Width (Minimum): 36” | 91.4 cm between closest element (handrail or curb)
Edge Protection (Curb): 4” | 10.2 cm high
Edge Protection (Lower Guardrail): Prevents 4” | 10.2 cm diameter sphere
Drawings include:
Ramp Guardrails - Utility Handrails side elevation, section, side (wheelchair user), section (wheelchair user)
