Evergreen trees are a diverse group of plants that retain their leaves throughout the year, unlike deciduous trees that shed them seasonally. This evergreen characteristic enables them to photosynthesize and grow year-round. Evergreens include a wide range of species, from conifers like pines, spruces, and firs, to broad-leaved trees like hollies and eucalyptus. They inhabit various ecosystems, from the cold boreal forests to warm tropical regions.

The evolution of evergreen trees is closely linked to their adaptation to specific environmental conditions. In colder climates, evergreens' needle-like leaves with a waxy coating reduce water loss, crucial for survival in long, dry winters. In tropical regions, the consistent climate allows for continuous growth. These trees play a vital role in their ecosystems, providing habitats, stabilizing soil, and contributing to the carbon and water cycles. Their resilience and year-round foliage make them important both ecologically and culturally.

Evergreen trees are characterized by their ability to retain leaves or needles throughout the year. Many evergreens, like pines and spruces, have needle-like leaves with a waxy coating, which helps reduce water loss and withstand cold or dry conditions. These trees often have a conical shape, aiding in snow shedding in colder climates. Evergreens like hollies have broad, thick leaves, also designed to minimize water loss.

Their seeds vary in form – some are encased in cones, while others may be found in berries. Evergreens typically exhibit a steady, year-round growth pattern, unlike the seasonal growth spurts of deciduous trees. This continuous growth allows them to maintain their foliage and remain green throughout the year.

Evergreen trees have a profound cultural and symbolic presence in human history. In many cultures, they represent life, renewal, and endurance due to their year-round greenery. The most notable cultural reference is the Christmas tree, traditionally a spruce, pine, or fir, symbolizing festivity and celebration. Evergreens like pines and cedars have been revered in various mythologies and religions for their resilience and perennial nature.

In landscaping, they provide year-long aesthetic appeal and privacy screens. Their wood is widely used in construction and furniture. Evergreens also feature in literature and art, often symbolizing steadfastness and eternal nature, resonating with human aspirations and the changing seasons.