Dinosaurs | Dinosauria

Dinosaurs are a diverse group of prehistoric reptiles that were the dominant terrestrial animals of the Late Triassic (251.9-201.3 Mya), Jurassic (201.3-145 Mya), and Cretaceous (145-66 Mya) periods. Discovered and studied since the 19th century, dinosaur fossils found around the world have been used by paleontologists to identify over 1,000 different species of dinosaurs.

Dinosaurs are commonly categorized by distinctive traits ranging from variations of bipedal (2 legs) or quadrupedal (4 legs), body armor or feathers, herbivorous or carnivorous, and quick or slow movement speeds. Though dinosaurs mysteriously disappeared 65 million years ago, their legacy continues to be popularized in museums, books, films and television.

When did dinosaurs live?

Dinosaurs lived in the Mesozoic Era which took place between 245 and 66 million years ago. The Mesozoic Era is divided into 3 time periods: Triassic (252 to 201 million years ago), Jurassic (201 to 145 million years ago), and Cretaceous (145 to 66 million years ago).

Why were dinosaurs so big?

Paleontologist believe dinosaurs grew so big in order to gain protection from predators, help regulate internal body temperature, and to allow them to reach their source of food. Today, whales are the only animal who are close to the size of dinosaurs.

Where did dinosaurs live?

Dinosaur fossils have been found on every continent, proving that they lived in every environment of the world. During the Triassic period the continents were one supercontinent called Pangea. The continents slowly spread across the world into the arrangement that they are at today.

Dinosaurs Guides
Browse through our curated Dinosaurs Guides for additional categorizations, tips, details, variations, styles, and histories of Dinosaurs. Guides provide additional insights into the unique properties and shared relationships between elements.
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9.5’-16.1’ | 2.9-4.9 m
3.3’-5.25’ | 1-1.6 m
26’-43’ | 7.9-13.1 m
3,300-5,070 lb | 1,497-2,300 kg
25-30 years
Allosaurus
490.000
160.000
1310.000
2300.000
30.00
199000
GUIDE
3D
Allosaurus
7’-8.2’ | 2.15-2.5 m
3.4’-4.4’ | 1.05-1.35 m
30’-33' | 9.14-10 m
5,700-6,600 lb | 2,585-2,994 kg
25-35 years
Amargasaurus
250.000
135.000
1000.000
2994.000
35.00
32000
GUIDE
3D
Amargasaurus
5'6" | 1.67 m
16' | 4.85 m
Ankylosaurus
167.000
485.000
66000
GUIDE
3D
Ankylosaurus
17.1’-18.7’ | 5.2-5.7 m
6.9’-7.5’ | 2.1-2.3 m
69’-75’ | 21-23 m
36,000-49,000 lb | 16,330-22,226 kg
70-100 years
Apatosaurus
570.000
230.000
2300.000
22226.000
100.00
87000
GUIDE
3D
Apatosaurus
5.5”-7.1” | 14-18 cm
1.4”-2” | 3.5-5 cm
1.3’-1.6’ | .4-.5 m
1.8-2.2 lb | .82-1 kg
Archaeopteryx
18.000
5.000
50.000
1.000
175000
GUIDE
3D
Archaeopteryx
39.4’-45.9’ | 12-14 m
12.5’-14.8’ | 3.8-4.5 m
98’-115’ | 30-35 m
110,000-220,000 lb | 49,895-99,790 kg
35-45 years
Argentinosaurus
1400.000
450.000
3500.000
99790.000
45.00
114000
GUIDE
3D
Argentinosaurus
41’-49.2’ | 12.5-15 m (Overall)
10.2’-12.5’ | 3.1-3.8 m
59’-72.2’ | 18-22 m
62,400-103,400 lb | 28,300-46,900 kg
80-100 years
Brachiosaurus
1500.000
380.000
2200.000
46900.000
100.00
291000
GUIDE
3D
Brachiosaurus
26.6’-28.9’ | 8.1-8.8 m
6.6’-7.4’ | 2-2.25 m
69’-75’ | 21-23 m
34,000-50,000 lb | 15,422-22,680 kg
80-100 years
Brontosaurus
880.000
225.000
2300.000
22680.000
100.00
213000
GUIDE
3D
Brontosaurus
3’-4.3’ | .9-1.3 m
6.3”-10.2” | 16-26 cm
6.6’-9.8’ | 2-3 m
33-55 lb | 15-25 kg
Coelophysis
130.000
26.000
300.000
25.000
22000
GUIDE
3D
Coelophysis
15.1’-17.4’ | 4.6-5.3 m
3.3’-3.9’ | 1-1.2 m
30’-33' | 9.14-10 m
6,000-11,000 lb | 2,722-4,990 kg
60-70 years
Corythosaurus
530.000
120.000
1000.000
4990.000
70.00
18000
GUIDE
3D
Corythosaurus
2.8’-4.75’ | .85-1.45 m
9.4”-16.5” | 24-42 cm
9’-16’ | 2.74-4.88 m
160-220 lb | 73-100 kg
Deinonychus
145.000
42.000
488.000
100.000
99000
GUIDE
3D
Deinonychus
5.7’-7.4’ | 1.75-2.25 m
15.75”-23.6” | 40-60 cm
16’-20’ | 4.88-6.1 m
650-1,000 lb | 295-454 kg
Dilophosaurus
225.000
60.000
610.000
454.000
167000
GUIDE
3D
Dilophosaurus
26.6’-28.9’ | 8.1-8.8 m
6.1’-6.6’ | 1.85-2 m
80’-85’ | 24.4-26 m
60,000-160,000 lb | 27,215-72,575 kg
70-80 years
Diplodocus
880.000
200.000
2600.000
72575.000
80.00
240000
GUIDE
3D
Diplodocus
7.2’-11.2’ | 2.2-3.4 m
18.5”-28.3” | 47-72 cm
13’-20’ | 3.96-6.1 m
500-970 lb | 227-440 kg
10-20 years
Gallimimus
340.000
72.000
610.000
440.000
20.00
52000
GUIDE
3D
Gallimimus
11.5’-15.75’ | 3.5-4.8 m
3.9’-5.25’ | 1.2-1.6 m
29.5’-39.4’ | 9-12 m
8,000-11,000 lb | 3,629-4,990 kg
25-40 years
Iguanodon
480.000
160.000
1200.000
4990.000
40.00
85000
GUIDE
3D
Iguanodon
14.4’-19.4’ | 4.4-5.9 m
4.6’-6.6’ | 1.4-2 m
29.5’-39.4’ | 9-12 m
8,000-11,200 lb | 3,629-5,080 kg
25-30 years
Lambeosaurus
590.000
200.000
1200.000
5080.000
30.00
13000
GUIDE
3D
Lambeosaurus
8.2’-9.2’ | 2.5-2.8 m
3.3’-3.9’ | 1-1.2 m
26.2’-29.5’ | 8-9 m
5,600-10,000 lb | 2,540-4,536 kg
Maiasaura
280.000
120.000
900.000
4536.000
25000
GUIDE
3D
Maiasaura
20.3’-37.4’ | 6.2-11.4 m
5.25’-9.8’ | 1.6-3 m
49.2’-85.3’ | 15-26 m
60,000-176,000 lb | 27,216-79,832 kg
35-45 years
Mamenchisaurus
1140.000
300.000
2600.000
79832.000
45.00
15000
GUIDE
3D
Mamenchisaurus
6.4’-7.1’ | 1.95-2.15 m
19.7”-27.6” | 50-70 cm
11.5’-12.5’ | 3.5-3.8 m
220-370 lb | 100-168 kg
Ornithomimus
215.000
70.000
380.000
168.000
11000
GUIDE
3D
Ornithomimus
4.3’-7.2’ | 1.3-2.2 m
19.7”-33.5” | 50-85 cm
9.8’-16.4’ | 3-5 m
815-992 lb | 370-450 kg
Pachycephalosaurus
220.000
85.000
500.000
450.000
101000
GUIDE
3D
Pachycephalosaurus
14.4’-18.4’ | 4.4-5.6 m
3.9’-4.9’ | 1.2-1.5 m
29.5’-36’ | 9-11 m
6,000-8,000 lb | 2,722-3,629 kg
55-70 years
Parasaurolophus
560.000
150.000
1100.000
3629.000
70.00
101000
GUIDE
3D
Parasaurolophus
11.5' | 3.5 m
46' | 14 m
Plesiosaurus
350.000
1400.000
14000
GUIDE
3D
Plesiosaurus
19.7”-23.6” | 50-60 cm
13.8”-19.7” | 35-50 cm
4.9’-5.9’ | 1.5-1.8 m
350-400 lb | 159-181 kg
Protoceratops
60.000
50.000
180.000
181.000
29000
GUIDE
3D
Protoceratops
19.5' | 6 m
6' | 1.83 m
Pterodactyl
600.000
183.000
116000
GUIDE
3D
Pterodactyl
20’-25.6’ | 6.1-7.8 m (Overall)
5.25’-6.9’ | 1.6-2.1 m
46’-59’ | 14-18 m
14,100-16,300 lb | 6,400-7,400 kg
25-30 years
Spinosaurus
780.000
210.000
1800.000
7400.000
30.00
507000
GUIDE
3D
Spinosaurus
10.8’-14.8’ | 3.3-4.5 m (Overall)
3.9’-5.9’ | 1.2-1.8 m
21.3’-30’ | 6.5-9.1 m
6,800-8,400 lb | 3,100-3,800 kg
75-100 years
Stegosaurus
450.000
180.000
910.000
3800.000
100.00
392000
GUIDE
3D
Stegosaurus
7.2’-8.9’ | 2.2-2.7 m
3.6’-4.3’ | 1.1-1.3 m
16.4’-19.7’ | 5-6 m
5,400-6,000 lb | 2,450-2,722 kg
35-45 years
Styracosaurus
270.000
130.000
600.000
2722.000
45.00
39000
GUIDE
3D
Styracosaurus
1.6’-3.3’ | .5-1 m
5.9”-11.8” | 15-30 cm
3.9’-8.2’ | 1.2-2.5 m
24-49 lb | 11-22 kg
Thecodontosaurus
100.000
30.000
250.000
22.000
1500
GUIDE
3D
Thecodontosaurus
10.8’-12.5’ | 3.3-3.8 m
6.6’-7.5’ | 2-2.3 m
26.2’-29.5’ | 8-9 m
11,000-19,800 lb | 5,000-9,000 kg
40-70 years
Triceratops
380.000
230.000
900.000
9000.000
70.00
617000
GUIDE
3D
Triceratops
6.9’-8.2’ | 2.1-2.5 m
3.3’-3.9’ | 1-1.2 m
19.7’-23’ | 6-7 m
5,600-8,000 lb | 2,540-3,629 kg
20-25 years
Tuojiangosaurus
250.000
120.000
700.000
3629.000
25.00
4200
GUIDE
3D
Tuojiangosaurus
15.75’-17.7’ | 4.8-5.4 m
5.25’-6.2’ | 1.6-1.9 m
36’-40’ | 11-12.2 m
12,600-15,400 lb | 5,7000-7,000 kg
20-28 years
Tyrannosaurus | T-Rex
540.000
190.000
12200.000
7000.000
28.00
715000
GUIDE
3D
Tyrannosaurus | T-Rex
Tyrannosaurus | T-Rex (Tyrannosaurus Rex)
Comparison illustration of the size of a Tyrannosaurus Rex to a person

Tyrannosaurus Rex (Tyrannosaurus rex) existed about 150-68 million years ago in western North America. Its massive body, sharp teeth, claws, and jaws made it fearsome because it produced the strongest bite among all animals. It was a carnivore and bipedal, with large powerful hind limbs and short, less powerful forelimbs. The skull was massive and the tail long and heavy. Evidence shows this large carnivore and land predator was also a scavenger and had a fast growth rate. Researchers also found that Tyrannosaurus had a larger brain, and, therefore, was more intelligent than other dinosaurs.

The Tyrannosaurus Rex had an overall length between 36’-40’ (11-12.2 m), upright standing height of 15.75’-17.7’ (4.8-5.4 m), body width of 5.25’-6.2’ (1.6-1.9 m), and weight from 12,600-15,400 lb (5,7000-7,000 kg). The typical lifespan of the Tyrannosaurus Rex was between 20-28 years.

Side and front drawings of a Tyrannosaurus (T-Rex) with overall dimensions for height, length and width
Tyrannosaurus Rex (T-Rex) was one of the largest predatory dinosaurs that ever existed. Living during the Cretaceous period (68-66 Mya), Tyrannosaurus is a carnivore popularly known for its large skull, ferocious serrated teeth, small useless arms, strong tail, and powerful bipedal legs.

The Tyrannosaurus Rex had an overall length between 36’-40’ (11-12.2 m), upright standing height of 15.75’-17.7’ (4.8-5.4 m), body width of 5.25’-6.2’ (1.6-1.9 m), and weight from 12,600-15,400 lb (5,7000-7,000 kg). The typical lifespan of the Tyrannosaurus Rex was between 20-28 years.

Side and front drawings of a Tyrannosaurus (T-Rex) with overall dimensions for height, length and width
Tyrannosaurus | T-Rex (Tyrannosaurus Rex)
Height:
15.75’-17.7’ | 4.8-5.4 m
Width:
5.25’-6.2’ | 1.6-1.9 m
Length:
36’-40’ | 11-12.2 m
Depth:
Weight:
12,600-15,400 lb | 5,7000-7,000 kg
Area:

Height (Hips): 12’-13’ | 3.7-4 m
Period: Cretaceous (68-66 million years ago)

Scientific Name
Tyrannosaurus Rex
Lifespan
20-28 years

Drawings include:
Tyrannosaurus (T-Rex) side elevation, front, back, plan

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Gallimimus (Gallimimus bullatus)
Size comparison drawing of the Gallimimus compared to a person

The Gallimimus is a theropod dinosaur that lived in modern day Mongolia during the Late Cretaceous period. In the 1960s, several fossils in various stages of growth were discovered by Polish-Mongolian expeditions in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia. With similarities between its neck vertebrae and those of Galliformes, its generic name means ”chicken mimic”. The Gallimimus is the largest known ornithomimid; it would have had feathers, a small and light head with large eyes that faced the sides, and a long snout. As a fleet animal, it used its speed, estimated at 29-34 mph, to escape predators, and it had good vision and intelligence comparable to ratite birds.

The Gallimimus had an overall length between 13’-20’ (3.96-6.1 m), standing height of 7.2’-11.2’ (2.2-3.4 m), body width of 18.5”-28.3” (47-72 cm), and weight from 500-970 lb (227-440 kg). The typical lifespan of the Gallimimus was between 10-20 years.

Dimensioned series of illustrations of the Gallimimus
The Gallimimus is a theropod dinosaur that lived in modern day Mongolia during the Late Cretaceous period. In the 1960s, several fossils in various stages of growth were discovered by Polish-Mongolian expeditions in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia.

The Gallimimus had an overall length between 13’-20’ (3.96-6.1 m), standing height of 7.2’-11.2’ (2.2-3.4 m), body width of 18.5”-28.3” (47-72 cm), and weight from 500-970 lb (227-440 kg). The typical lifespan of the Gallimimus was between 10-20 years.

Dimensioned series of illustrations of the Gallimimus
Gallimimus (Gallimimus bullatus)
Height:
7.2’-11.2’ | 2.2-3.4 m
Width:
18.5”-28.3” | 47-72 cm
Length:
13’-20’ | 3.96-6.1 m
Depth:
Weight:
500-970 lb | 227-440 kg
Area:
Scientific Name
Gallimimus bullatus
Lifespan
10-20 years

Drawings include:

Gallimimus top view, side

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Spinosaurus (Spinosaurus aegyptiacus)
Comparison illustration of the size of a Spinosaurus to a person

About 99 million years ago, Spinosaurus (Spinosaurus aegyptiacus) was common in North Africa. Evidence (with the nostrils on top of their snouts and webbed feet) shows that it was terrestrial and semiaquatic, feeding mainly on fish. This dinosaur was first bipedal but later grew to be quadrupedal. It was the largest, longest, and heaviest among carnivorous dinosaurs with a long, low, narrow skull, large, robust forelimbs, and a long tail with neural spines thought to be for intimidating other animals or thermal regulation. It also had crocodile-like teeth and dense bones like those of the manatees.

The Spinosaurus had an overall length between 46’-59’ (14-18 m), overall standing height of 20’-25.6’ (6.1-7.8 m), body width of 5.25’-6.9’ (1.6-2.1 m), and weight from 14,100-16,300 lb (6,400-7,400 kg). The typical lifespan of the Spinosaurus was between 25-30 years.

Collection of drawings of a Spinosaurus from the front and side with dimensions
Spinosaurus was a large carnivorous Cretaceous period (112-93.5 Mya) dinosaur characterized by its large thin back spikes. A giant predator on both land and water, similar to the present day crocodile, fossils prove that the Spinosaurus was as larger or larger than the Tyrannosaurus Rex.

The Spinosaurus had an overall length between 46’-59’ (14-18 m), overall standing height of 20’-25.6’ (6.1-7.8 m), body width of 5.25’-6.9’ (1.6-2.1 m), and weight from 14,100-16,300 lb (6,400-7,400 kg). The typical lifespan of the Spinosaurus was between 25-30 years.

Collection of drawings of a Spinosaurus from the front and side with dimensions
Spinosaurus (Spinosaurus aegyptiacus)
Height:
20’-25.6’ | 6.1-7.8 m (Overall)
Width:
5.25’-6.9’ | 1.6-2.1 m
Length:
46’-59’ | 14-18 m
Depth:
Weight:
14,100-16,300 lb | 6,400-7,400 kg
Area:

Height (Head): 16.5’ | 5 m

Period: Cretaceous (112-93.5 million years ago)

Scientific Name
Spinosaurus aegyptiacus
Lifespan
25-30 years

Drawings include:
Spinosaurus side elevation, front, back, plan

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Stegosaurus (Stegosaurus stenops)
Size comparison drawing of the Stegosaurus compared to a person

Stegosaurus (Stegosaurus stenops) would have been easily identified by the distinctive upright kite-shaped armor on their backs and tail with spikes. Its fossils were found in Portugal and the western USA, and it is believed to be an herbivore with four legs. The hind limbs were longer than the forelimbs and the back was round. Generally, it had a heavily built profile with a tail that was held high in the air. The short neck, small head, and shape of forelimbs suggest it ate shrubs or low-lying plant matter. This animal lived about 155 million years ago.

The Stegosaurus had an overall length between 21.3’-30’ (6.5-9.1 m), overall standing height of 10.8’-14.8’ (3.3-4.5 m), body width of 3.9’-5.9’ (1.2-1.8 m), and weight from 6,800-8,400 lb (3,100-3,800 kg). The typical lifespan of the Stegosaurus was between 75-100 years.

Drawing collection illustrating the front and side of a Stegosaurus with overall dimensions
Stegosaurus (Stegosaurus stenops) would have been easily identified by the distinctive upright kite-shaped armor on their backs and tail with spikes. Its fossils were found in Portugal and the western USA, and it is believed to be an herbivore with four legs.

The Stegosaurus had an overall length between 21.3’-30’ (6.5-9.1 m), overall standing height of 10.8’-14.8’ (3.3-4.5 m), body width of 3.9’-5.9’ (1.2-1.8 m), and weight from 6,800-8,400 lb (3,100-3,800 kg). The typical lifespan of the Stegosaurus was between 75-100 years.

Drawing collection illustrating the front and side of a Stegosaurus with overall dimensions
Stegosaurus (Stegosaurus stenops)
Height:
10.8’-14.8’ | 3.3-4.5 m (Overall)
Width:
3.9’-5.9’ | 1.2-1.8 m
Length:
21.3’-30’ | 6.5-9.1 m
Depth:
Weight:
6,800-8,400 lb | 3,100-3,800 kg
Area:

Period: Late Jurassic (155-150 million years ago)

Scientific Name
Stegosaurus stenops
Lifespan
75-100 years

Drawings include:
Stegosaurus side elevation, front, back, plan

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Corythosaurus (Corythosaurus casuarius)
Comparison illustration of the size of a Corythosaurus to a person

The Corythosaurus is a hadrosaurid ”duck-billed” dinosaur that lived in the Upper Cretaceous Period. Its name translates to ”helmet lizard” in Greek for its skull with tall crests; the crests are similar to those of the cassowary and a Corinthian helmet. These functioned as a tool in vocalization for the dinosaur. It was preserved with its last meal, conifer needles, seeds, twigs, and fruits, inside the chest cavity. The first Corythosaurus was discovered by Barnum Brown in 1911 in Red Deer River, Alberta, Canada, and the find was notable because impressions of the creature’s skin had also survived.

The Corythosaurus had an overall length between 30’-33' (9.14-10 m), standing height of 15.1’-17.4’ (4.6-5.3 m), body width of 3.3’-3.9’ (1-1.2 m), and weight from 6,000-11,000 lb (2,722-4,990 kg). The typical lifespan of the Corythosaurus was between 60-70 years.

Set of scaled drawings of the Corythosaurus with dimensions
The Corythosaurus is a hadrosaurid ”duck-billed” dinosaur that lived in the Upper Cretaceous Period. Its name translates to ”helmet lizard” in Greek for its skull with tall crests; the crests are similar to those of the cassowary and a Corinthian helmet. These functioned as a tool in vocalization.

The Corythosaurus had an overall length between 30’-33' (9.14-10 m), standing height of 15.1’-17.4’ (4.6-5.3 m), body width of 3.3’-3.9’ (1-1.2 m), and weight from 6,000-11,000 lb (2,722-4,990 kg). The typical lifespan of the Corythosaurus was between 60-70 years.

Set of scaled drawings of the Corythosaurus with dimensions
Corythosaurus (Corythosaurus casuarius)
Height:
15.1’-17.4’ | 4.6-5.3 m
Width:
3.3’-3.9’ | 1-1.2 m
Length:
30’-33' | 9.14-10 m
Depth:
Weight:
6,000-11,000 lb | 2,722-4,990 kg
Area:
Scientific Name
Corythosaurus casuarius
Lifespan
60-70 years

Drawings include:

Corythosaurus top view, side

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