Birds are a vertebrate class, like mammals, however they are a class adapted for flight that evolved alongside dinosaurs in the Jurassic period. Birds are distinguished by their feathers, toothless beaked jaws, laying of eggs, a high metabolic rate, four chambered heart, and a strong lightweight skeleton. Most of these characteristics were a result of years of evolution for birds to become the optimal flying machines they are today.

Some of these evolutionary adaptations for birds include: forearms that evolved into wings, the shape of the wing developing for the most lift and glide (the shape which is the standard model for airplane wings), and the incubation of their young outside the womb to avoid excess weight while flying. A few species of birds, like the penguin and ostrich, have lost their ability to fly, but have retained their wings.

How long do birds typically live?

Birds typically live between 4 to 100 years depending on the species itself. Birds age differently than other animals as once they reach their adult plumage, they are almost impossible to age. It is believed that they accomplish this by the oxygen and protein process associated with their metabolism.

How do birds sleep?

Birds sleep by finding either a secluded branch or tree cavity to sleep on. Before sleeping they fluff their down feathers beneath their outer feathers and turn their head to face backward. Then they tuck their beak into their back feathers and close their eyes to sleep.

Why do birds migrate?

Birds may migrate for long distances, medium distances, short distances, or not at all depending on their needs. Birds typically migrate to go from an area of low resources to another area of high resources. They often look for areas with food or nesting locations. These needs may also vary by season as birds migrate from the north to the south once the winter season begins.

Birds Guides
Browse through our curated Birds Guides for additional categorizations, tips, details, variations, styles, and histories of Birds. Guides provide additional insights into the unique properties and shared relationships between elements.
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18”-28” | 46-71 cm
8-13 lb | 3.6-6 kg
11-20 years
Adélie Penguin
71.000
6.000
20.00
2900
GUIDE
3D
Adélie Penguin
24”-27” | 61-69 cm
7.5”-8.7” | 19-22 cm
4.4-8.8 lb | 2-4 kg
10-30 years
African Penguin
69.000
22.000
4.000
30.00
23350
GUIDE
3D
African Penguin
13.4”-17.7” | 34-45 cm
26.8”-29.9” | 68-76 cm (Wingspan)
15.75”-20.1” | 40-51 cm
.6-.93 lb | .27-.42 kg
9-15 years
American Avocet
45.000
76.000
51.000
0.420
15.00
2940
GUIDE
3D
American Avocet
47.2”-57” | 120-145 cm
51.2”-65” | 130-165 cm (Wingspan)
47.2”-57” | 120-145 cm
4.85-7.94 lb | 2.2-3.6 kg
20-50 years
American Flamingo
145.000
165.000
145.000
3.600
50.00
8100
GUIDE
3D
American Flamingo
13.4”-16.7” | 34-42.5 cm
47.2”-61” | 120-155 cm (Wingspan)
20.9”-26” | 53-66 cm
1.3-3.6 lb | .6-1.65 kg
20-32 years
American Herring Gull
42.500
155.000
66.000
1.650
32.00
190
GUIDE
3D
American Herring Gull
5.7”-8.1” | 14.5-20.5 cm
19.7”-24” | 50-61 cm (Wingspan)
8.7”-12.2” | 22-31 cm
.18-.36 lb | .08-.165 kg
5-11 years
American Kestrel
20.500
61.000
31.000
0.165
11.00
25500
GUIDE
3D
American Kestrel
9.8”-11” | 25-28 cm
31.9”-35” | 81-89 cm (Wingspan)
15.75”-17.3” | 40-44 cm
.88-1.54 lb | .4-.7 kg
10-17 years
American Oystercatcher
28.000
89.000
44.000
0.700
17.00
3100
GUIDE
3D
American Oystercatcher
5.5”-6.9” | 14-17.5 cm
12.2”-15.75” | 31-40 cm (Wingspan)
9.1”-11” | 23-28 cm
2.3-3 oz | 65-84 g
2-14 years
American Robin
17.500
40.000
28.000
0.084
14.00
49100
GUIDE
3D
American Robin
25.4”-33.7” | 64.5-85.5 cm
106.3”-130” | 270-330 cm (Wingspan)
39.4”-52” | 100-132 cm
17-33.1 lb | 7.7-15 kg
50-75 years
Andean Condor
85.500
330.000
132.000
15.000
75.00
45450
GUIDE
3D
Andean Condor
5.1”-6.3” | 13-16 cm
25.6”-30.3” | 65-77 cm (Wingspan)
14.2”-16.9” | 36-43 cm
.2-.3 lb | .08-.13 kg
15-34 years
Arctic Tern
16.000
77.000
43.000
0.130
34.00
35400
GUIDE
3D
Arctic Tern
8.7”-9.8” | 22-25 cm
18.5”-24.8” | 47-63 cm (Wingspan)
11”-12.2” | 28-31 cm
.7-1.2 lb | .3-.55 kg
15-36 years
Atlantic Puffin
25.000
63.000
31.000
0.550
36.00
14700
GUIDE
3D
Atlantic Puffin
14.2”-17.9” | 36-45.5 cm
31.5”-33.5” | 80-85 cm (Wingspan)
23.6”-29.5” | 60-75 cm
4-6.6 lb | 1.8-3 kg
10-13 years
Australian Brushturkey
45.500
85.000
75.000
3.000
13.00
120
GUIDE
3D
Australian Brushturkey
16.9”-24.2” | 43-61.5 cm
70”-90” | 178-229 cm (Wingspan)
27.6”-39.4” | 70-100 cm
6.5-14 lb | 2.95-6.35 kg
20-30 years
Bald Eagle
61.500
229.000
100.000
6.350
30.00
272400
GUIDE
3D
Bald Eagle
Barn Owl
201000
12.2”-15.2” | 31-38.5 cm
31.5”-43.3” | 80-110 cm (Wingspan)
12.6”-15.75” | 32-40 cm
.55-1.26 lb | .25-.57 kg
4-15 years
Barn Owl
38.500
110.000
40.000
0.570
15.00
201000
GUIDE
3D
Barn Owl
19.3”-26.2” | 49-66.5 cm
90.6”-112.2” | 230-285 cm (Wingspan)
37”-49.2” | 94-125 cm
8.2-15.7 lb | 3.7-7.1 kg
21-45 years
Bearded Vulture
66.500
285.000
125.000
7.100
45.00
31900
GUIDE
3D
Bearded Vulture
8.3”-10.4” | 21-26.5 cm
42.1”-50” | 107-127 cm (Wingspan)
15.75”-19.7” | 40-50 cm
.6-.8 lb | .25-.37 kg
5-20 years
Black Skimmer
26.500
127.000
50.000
0.370
20.00
4250
GUIDE
3D
Black Skimmer
24”-30.7” | 61-78 cm
63”-79” | 160-201 cm (Wingspan)
43.3”-55.9” | 110-142 cm
8.2-19.8 lb | 3.7-9 kg
12-40 years
Black Swan
78.000
201.000
142.000
9.000
40.00
695200
GUIDE
3D
Black Swan
12.6”-15” | 32-38 cm
27.6”-32.3” | 70-82 cm (Wingspan)
14.6”-17.3” | 37-44 cm
.42-.88 lb | .19-.4 kg
10-24 years
Black-Tailed Godwit
38.000
82.000
44.000
0.400
24.00
1000
GUIDE
3D
Black-Tailed Godwit
15.75”-19.1” | 40-48.5 cm
28”-32.7” | 71-83 cm (Wingspan)
13”-15.75” | 33-40 cm
.33-.44 lb | .15-.2 kg
10-20 years
Black-Winged Stilt
48.500
83.000
40.000
0.200
20.00
1150
GUIDE
3D
Black-Winged Stilt
3.1”-3.9” | 8-10 cm
10.2”-11.4” | 26-29 cm (Wingspan)
5.5”-6.7” | 14-17 cm
.9-1.1 oz | 26-32 g
5-10 years
Blue Grosbeak
10.000
29.000
17.000
0.032
10.00
7700
GUIDE
3D
Blue Grosbeak
Blue Jay
304100
5.7”-7.7” | 14.5-19.5 cm
13.4”-16.9” | 34-43 cm (Wingspan)
8.7”-11.8” | 22-30 cm
2.3-3.5 oz | 65-100 g
7-26 years
Blue Jay
19.500
43.000
30.000
0.100
26.00
304100
GUIDE
3D
Blue Jay
16.3”-17.5” | 41.5-44.5 cm
52”-61” | 132-155 cm (Wingspan)
29.5”-31.5” | 75-80 cm
2-4 lb | .9-1.8 kg
20-32 years
Brown Booby
44.500
155.000
80.000
1.800
32.00
2350
GUIDE
3D
Brown Booby
1.6”-2” | 4-5 cm
6.7”-7.9” | 17-20 cm (Wingspan)
4.7”-5.5” | 12-14 cm
.2-.35 oz | 5.7-9.9 g
2-5 years
Brown Creeper
5.000
20.000
14.000
0.010
5.00
7250
GUIDE
3D
Brown Creeper
5.5”-7.3” | 14-18.5 cm
11.4”-13” | 29-33 cm (Wingspan)
9.1”-11.8” | 23-30 cm
2.2-3.1 oz | 61-88 g
2-13 years
Brown Thrasher
18.500
33.000
30.000
0.088
13.00
25080
GUIDE
3D
Brown Thrasher
7.5”-9.4” | 19-24 cm
20”-24” | 51-61 cm (Wingspan)
13”-16” | 33-41 cm
.6-1.2 lb | .27-.55 kg
3-18 years
Bufflehead
24.000
61.000
41.000
0.550
18.00
21060
GUIDE
3D
Bufflehead
5.3”-8.9” | 13.5-22.5 cm
20”-24” | 51-61 cm (Wingspan)
6.7”-11” | 17-28 cm
.29-.57 lb | .13-.26 kg
6-11 years
Burrowing Owl
22.500
61.000
28.000
0.260
11.00
34200
GUIDE
3D
Burrowing Owl
3.7”-4.7” | 9.5-12 cm
10.6”-11” | 27-28 cm (Wingspan)
7.1”-9.1” | 18-23 cm
1.2-1.7 oz | 33-47 g
2-7 years
Cactus Wren
12.000
28.000
23.000
0.047
7.00
8620
GUIDE
3D
Cactus Wren
30.3”-37.4” | 77-95 cm
106.3”-126” | 270-320 cm (Wingspan)
42.9”-52.8” | 109-134 cm
18.7-26.5 lb | 8.5-12 kg
30-60 years
California Condor
95.000
320.000
134.000
12.000
60.00
53200
GUIDE
3D
California Condor
5.9”-6.7” | 15-17 cm
12.6”-16.1” | 32-41 cm (Wingspan)
9.4”-10.6” | 24-27 cm
.33-.42 lb | .15-.19 kg
4-10 years
California Quail
17.000
41.000
27.000
0.190
10.00
15100
GUIDE
3D
California Quail
14.6”-21.7” | 37-55 cm
50”-73” | 127-185 cm (Wingspan)
29.5”-43.3” | 75-110 cm
5.5-14 lb | 2.5-6.35 kg
10-24 years
Canada Goose
55.000
185.000
110.000
6.350
24.00
31200
GUIDE
3D
Canada Goose
3”-3.5” | 7.5-9 cm
9.4”-11.4” | 24-29 cm (Wingspan)
4.7”-5.5” | 12-14 cm
.6-.8 oz | 18-23 g
6-9 years
Carolina Wren
9.000
29.000
14.000
0.023
9.00
39050
GUIDE
3D
Carolina Wren
3.3”-4.7” | 8.5-12 cm
8.7”-11.8” | 22-30 cm (Wingspan)
5.5”-7.9” | 14-20 cm
1-1.1 oz | 28-32 g
3-8 years
Cedar Waxwing
12.000
30.000
20.000
0.032
8.00
39350
GUIDE
3D
Cedar Waxwing
27”-30” | 68-76 cm
7-12 lb | 3.2-5.3 kg
15-20 years
Chinstrap Penguin
76.000
5.300
20.00
6900
GUIDE
3D
Chinstrap Penguin
Chukar
20400
9.1”-10.2” | 23-26 cm
20.1”-22” | 51-56 cm (Wingspan)
13.4”-15” | 34-38 cm
1-1.76 lb | .45-.8 kg
3-5 years
Chukar
26.000
56.000
38.000
0.800
5.00
20400
GUIDE
3D
Chukar
5.5”-6.9” | 14-17.5 cm
13.4”-15.4” | 34-39 cm (Wingspan)
9.1”-11.4” | 23-29 cm
2.8-4.4 oz | 80-125 g
2-22 years
Common Blackbird
17.500
39.000
29.000
0.125
22.00
34300
GUIDE
3D
Common Blackbird
11.6”-16.7” | 29.5-42.5 cm
43.3”-51.2” | 110-130 cm (Wingspan)
17.7”-25.6” | 45-65 cm
1.2-2.9 lb | .55-1.3 kg
20-29 years
Common Buzzard
42.500
130.000
65.000
1.300
29.00
21900
GUIDE
3D
Common Buzzard
8.1”-9.4” | 20.5-24 cm
26.8”-31.5” | 68-80 cm (Wingspan)
13”-15.4” | 33-39 cm
.31-.68 lb | .14-.31 kg
15-18 years
Common Kestrel
24.000
80.000
39.000
0.310
18.00
33500
GUIDE
3D
Common Kestrel
11.4”-14.6” | 29-37 cm
34”-38” | 86-97 cm (Wingspan)
22”-28” | 56-71 cm
2-4.6 lb | .9-2.1 kg
11-15 years
Common Merganser
37.000
97.000
71.000
2.100
15.00
13350
GUIDE
3D
Common Merganser
11.8”-14.2” | 30-36 cm
24”-28.7” | 61-73 cm (Wingspan)
15”-17.7” | 38-45 cm
1.7-2.8 lb | .78-1.25 kg
15-41 years
Common Murre
36.000
73.000
45.000
1.250
41.00
5500
GUIDE
3D
Common Murre
12.4”-16.1” | 31.5-41 cm
22”-35.4” | 56-90 cm (Wingspan)
27.6”-35.4” | 70-90 cm
1.7-3.75 lb | .75-1.7 kg
11-20 years
Common Pheasant
41.000
90.000
90.000
1.700
20.00
4200
GUIDE
3D
Common Pheasant
5.3”-6.1” | 13.5-15.5 cm
12.6”-13.8” | 32-35 cm (Wingspan)
6.3”-7.1” | 16-18 cm
.22-.37 lb | .1-.17 kg
2-6 years
Common Quail
15.500
35.000
18.000
0.170
6.00
13500
GUIDE
3D
Common Quail
12.2”-15.75” | 31-40 cm
45.3”-59” | 115-150 cm (Wingspan)
20.9”-26.4” | 53-67 cm
24.7-70.5 oz | .7-2 kg
10-44 years
Common Raven
40.000
150.000
67.000
2.000
44.00
49000
GUIDE
3D
Common Raven
4.5”-5.7” | 11.5-14.5 cm
13.8”-15.75” | 35-40 cm (Wingspan)
7.5”-9.4” | 19-24 cm
.09-.13 lb | .04-.06 kg
10-15 years
Common Sandpiper
14.500
40.000
24.000
0.060
15.00
5700
GUIDE
3D
Common Sandpiper
4.7”-5.3” | 12-13.5 cm
15.75”-18.5” | 40-47 cm (Wingspan)
9.8”-11” | 25-28 cm
.18-.4 lb | .08-.18 kg
10-18 years
Common Snipe
13.500
47.000
28.000
0.180
18.00
6500
GUIDE
3D
Common Snipe
5.3”-5.7” | 13.5-14.5 cm
13.4”-13.8” | 34-35 cm (Wingspan)
10.6”-11” | 27-28 cm
2.2-3.3 oz | 61-94 g
5-11 years
Curve-Billed Thrasher
14.500
35.000
28.000
0.094
11.00
1650
GUIDE
3D
Curve-Billed Thrasher
9.8”-14.6” | 25-37 cm
23.6”-35.4” | 60-90 cm (Wingspan)
15.75”-23.6” | 40-60 cm
5.7-9.9 lb | 2.6-4.5 kg
2-20 months (Farm); 3-10 years (Captivity)
Domestic Chicken
37.000
90.000
60.000
4.500
10.00
8400
GUIDE
3D
Domestic Chicken
24.4”-29.9” | 62-76 cm
58”-71” | 147-180 cm (Wingspan)
29.1”-35.8” | 74-91 cm
4.9-10.1 lb | 2.2-4.6 kg
15-31 years
Domestic Goose
76.000
180.000
91.000
4.600
31.00
9200
GUIDE
3D
Domestic Goose
25.6”-31.5” | 65-80 cm
59.1”-70.9” | 150-180 cm (Wingspan)
39.4”-49.2” | 100-125 cm
29.8-86 lb | 13.5-39 kg
5-6 months (Farm); 3-5 years (Wild)
Domestic Turkey
80.000
180.000
125.000
39.000
5.00
5900
GUIDE
3D
Domestic Turkey
19.9”-25.4” | 50.5-64.5 cm
44.9”-48.4” | 114-123 cm (Wingspan)
27.6”-35.4” | 70-90 cm
2.6-5.5 lb | 1.2-2.5 kg
6-22 years
Double-Crested Cormorant
64.500
123.000
90.000
2.500
22.00
300
GUIDE
3D
Double-Crested Cormorant
5.3”-7.9” | 13.5-20 cm
13.8”-15.75” | 35-40 cm (Wingspan)
7.5”-11” | 19-28 cm
2.7-5.3 oz | 76-150 g
3-9 years
Eastern Meadowlark
20.000
40.000
28.000
0.150
9.00
4890
GUIDE
3D
Eastern Meadowlark
4.1”-6.7” | 10.5-17 cm
18.1”-24” | 46-61 cm (Wingspan)
6.3”-9.8” | 16-25 cm
.26-.55 lb | .12-.25 kg
14-21 years
Eastern Screech Owl
17.000
61.000
25.000
0.250
21.00
18100
GUIDE
3D
Eastern Screech Owl
15.75”-17.3” | 40-44 cm
48”-56” | 122-142 cm (Wingspan)
26”-28” | 66-71 cm
4.3-6.9 lb | 1.95-3.13 kg
6-12 years
Emperor Goose
44.000
142.000
71.000
3.130
12.00
2530
GUIDE
3D
Emperor Goose
43”-51” | 110-130 cm
49-99 lb | 22-45 kg
15-20 years
Emperor Penguin
130.000
45.000
20.00
44000
GUIDE
3D
Emperor Penguin
20”-26” | 51-66 cm
9.4”-11.8” | 24-30 cm
6-13 lb | 2.7-5.9 kg
10-20 years
Erect-Crested Penguin
66.000
30.000
5.900
20.00
1200
GUIDE
3D
Erect-Crested Penguin
7.5”-8.7” | 19-22 cm
21.7”-23.6” | 55-60 cm (Wingspan)
13”-15” | 33-38 cm
.51-.93 lb | .23-.42 kg
10-15.5 years
Eurasian Woodcock
22.000
60.000
38.000
0.420
15.50
2000
GUIDE
3D
Eurasian Woodcock
14.2”-19.5” | 36-49.5 cm
52”-59.8” | 132-152 cm (Wingspan)
19.7”-27.2” | 50-69 cm
2.2-4.6 lb | .98-2.08 kg
16-24 years
Ferruginous Hawk
49.500
152.000
69.000
2.080
24.00
10200
GUIDE
3D
Ferruginous Hawk
21”-23” | 53-58 cm
7.9”-9.1” | 20-23 cm
4.4-13.2 lb | 2-6 kg
10-20 years
Fiordland Penguin
58.000
23.000
6.000
20.00
1600
GUIDE
3D
Fiordland Penguin
Gadwall
14040
11”-13.4” | 28-34 cm
31”-35” | 79-89 cm (Wingspan)
18”-22” | 46-56 cm
1.2-2.2 lb | .55-1 kg
10-28 years
Gadwall
34.000
89.000
56.000
1.000
28.00
14040
GUIDE
3D
Gadwall
18”-21” | 46-53 cm
5.5”-6.7” | 14-17 cm
3.5-6 lb | 1.6-2.7 kg
15-20 years
Galápagos Penguin
53.000
17.000
2.700
20.00
16400
GUIDE
3D
Galápagos Penguin
20”-35” | 51-90 cm
11-19 lb | 4.9-8.5 kg
15-20 years
Gentoo Penguin
90.000
8.500
20.00
9900
GUIDE
3D
Gentoo Penguin
19.7”-23.6” | 50-60 cm
72.8”-88.6” | 185-225 cm (Wingspan)
29.5”-35.4” | 75-90 cm
6.2-14.8 lb | 2.8-6.7 kg
30-48 years
Golden Eagle
60.000
225.000
90.000
6.700
48.00
235500
GUIDE
3D
Golden Eagle
15.2”-19.5” | 38.5-49.5 cm
25.6”-29.5” | 65-75 cm (Wingspan)
35.4”-45.3” | 90-115 cm
1.2-1.5 lb | .55-.7 kg
5-15 years
Golden Pheasant
49.500
75.000
115.000
0.700
15.00
52500
GUIDE
3D
Golden Pheasant
29.5”-33.5” | 75-85 cm
8.9”-10.8” | 22.5-27.5 cm
35.4”-40.9” | 90-104 cm
11-15.4 lb | 5-7 kg
20-25 years
Great Auk
85.000
27.500
104.000
7.000
25.00
25600
GUIDE
3D
Great Auk
24”-29.1” | 61-74 cm
29.5”-35.4” | 75-90 cm (Wingspan)
30.7”-36.2” | 78-92 cm
6.8-10.6 lb | 3.1-4.8 kg
22-24 years
Great Curassow
74.000
90.000
92.000
4.800
24.00
1300
GUIDE
3D
Great Curassow
9.6”-14.2” | 24.5-36 cm
35.8”-59.8” | 91-152 cm (Wingspan)
16.9”-25.2” | 43-64 cm
2-5.5 lb | .9-2.5 kg
13-35 years
Great Horned Owl
36.000
152.000
64.000
2.500
35.00
106000
GUIDE
3D
Great Horned Owl
13.4”-15.2” | 34-38.5 cm
49.2”-55.1” | 125-140 cm (Wingspan)
20.9”-22.8” | 53-58 cm
2.6-4.4 lb | 1.2-2 kg
22-36 years
Great Skua
38.500
140.000
58.000
2.000
36.00
2500
GUIDE
3D
Great Skua
43.3”-59” | 110-150 cm
55.1”-66.9” | 140-170 cm (Wingspan)
43.3”-59” | 110-150 cm
4.4-9.9 lb | 2-4.5 kg
30-60 years
Greater Flamingo
150.000
170.000
150.000
4.500
60.00
18300
GUIDE
3D
Greater Flamingo
12.2”-13.2” | 31-33.5 cm
27.2”-28.7” | 69-73 cm (Wingspan)
16.9”-18.1” | 43-46 cm
1.5-2.6 lb | .7-1.2 kg
2-5 years
Greater Prairie Chicken
33.500
73.000
46.000
1.200
5.00
3700
GUIDE
3D
Greater Prairie Chicken
28.3”-38.6” | 72-98 cm
47.2”-63” | 120-160 cm (Wingspan)
35.4”-50” | 90-127 cm (Body); 70.9”-96.5” | 180-245 cm (Overall)
8.5-11 lb | 3.85-5 kg
15-23 years
Green Peafowl
98.000
160.000
245.000
5.000
23.00
9700
GUIDE
3D
Green Peafowl
12.6”-19.7” | 32-50 cm
22”-33.9” | 56-86 cm (Wingspan)
22”-35.4” | 56-90 cm
1.5-3.1 lb | .7-1.4 kg
2-3 years
Green Pheasant
50.000
86.000
90.000
1.400
3.00
4650
GUIDE
3D
Green Pheasant
9.1”-9.8” | 23-25 cm
20.9”-22” | 53-56 cm (Wingspan)
11.8”-13” | 30-33 cm
.75-1.1 lb | .34-.48 kg
2-5 years
Grey Partridge
25.000
56.000
33.000
0.480
5.00
8200
GUIDE
3D
Grey Partridge
5.7”-6.7” | 14.5-17 cm
18.9”-20.1” | 48-51 cm (Wingspan)
9.1”-10.6” | 23-27 cm
.18-.26 lb | .08-.12 kg
13-15 years
Grey-Tailed Tattler
17.000
51.000
27.000
0.120
15.00
140
GUIDE
3D
Grey-Tailed Tattler
25.8”-33.1” | 65.5-84 cm
90.6”-110.2” | 230-280 cm (Wingspan)
37.4”-48” | 95-122 cm
13.2-33.1 lb | 6-15 kg
35-42 years
Griffon Vulture
84.000
280.000
122.000
15.000
42.00
20700
GUIDE
3D
Griffon Vulture
14.6”-19.3” | 37-49 cm
43.3”-63” | 110-160 cm (Wingspan)
18.9”-25.6” | 48-65 cm
1.8-4.6 lb | .8-2.1 kg
12-25 years
Gyrfalcon
49.000
160.000
65.000
2.100
25.00
17700
GUIDE
3D
Gyrfalcon
8.7”-12.6” | 22-32 cm
22”-26” | 56-66 cm (Wingspan)
14”-20” | 36-51 cm
1-1.7 lb | .45-.76 kg
12-20 years
Harlequin Duck
32.000
66.000
51.000
0.760
20.00
12050
GUIDE
3D
Harlequin Duck
21.7”-26.6” | 55-67.5 cm
69.3”-88.2” | 176-224 cm (Wingspan)
34.3”-42.9” | 87-109 cm
8.8-19.8 lb | 4-9 kg
25-35 years
Harpy Eagle
67.500
224.000
109.000
9.000
35.00
293500
GUIDE
3D
Harpy Eagle
16.5”-19.7” | 42-50 cm
37.4”-39.4” | 95-100 cm (Wingspan)
20.9”-24.8” | 53-63 cm
2.2-4 lb | 1-1.8 kg
10-15 years
Helmeted Guineafowl
50.000
100.000
63.000
1.800
15.00
9650
GUIDE
3D
Helmeted Guineafowl
11.8”-15.2” | 30-38.5 cm
38.2”-48” | 97-122 cm (Wingspan)
16.1”-20.5” | 41-52 cm
.64-1.39 lb | .29-.63 kg
8-17 years
Hen Harrier
38.500
122.000
52.000
0.630
17.00
13900
GUIDE
3D
Hen Harrier
9.8”-12.2” | 25-31 cm
23”-28” | 58-71 cm (Wingspan)
15.75”-19.3” | 40-49 cm
1-1.9 lb | .45-.88 kg
11-16 years
Hooded Merganser
31.000
71.000
49.000
0.880
16.00
27070
GUIDE
3D
Hooded Merganser
17.3”-23.6” | 44-60 cm
35.4”-51.2” | 90-130 cm (Wingspan)
33.5”-46” | 85-117 cm
4.4-5.5 lb | 2-2.5 kg
10-20 years
Horned Guan
60.000
130.000
117.000
2.500
20.00
700
GUIDE
3D
Horned Guan
3.7”-4.7” | 9.5-12 cm
11.8”-13.4” | 30-34 cm (Wingspan)
6.3”-7.9” | 16-20 cm
1-1.7 oz | 28-48 g
2-8 years
Horned Lark
12.000
34.000
20.000
0.048
8.00
5050
GUIDE
3D
Horned Lark
24”-28” | 61-71 cm
7.9”-9.4” | 20-24 cm
8-13 lb | 3.6-6 kg
10-20 years
Humboldt Penguin
71.000
24.000
6.000
20.00
11200
GUIDE
3D
Humboldt Penguin
7.7”-8.5” | 19.5-21.5 cm
27.6”-29.5” | 70-75 cm (Wingspan)
15”-16.5” | 38-42 cm
.6-.71 lb | .27-.32 kg
15-26 years
Ibisbill
21.500
75.000
42.000
0.320
26.00
70
GUIDE
3D
Ibisbill
26.4”-30.7” | 67-78 cm
55.1”-63” | 140-160 cm (Wingspan)
39.4”-45.3” | 100-115 cm (Body); 76.8”-88.6” | 195-225 cm (Overall)
6.1-13.2 lb | 2.75-6 kg
10-25 years
Indian Peafowl
78.000
160.000
225.000
6.000
25.00
29500
GUIDE
3D
Indian Peafowl
5.5”-6.3” | 14-16 cm
11”-13” | 28-33 cm (Wingspan)
6.3”-7.1” | 16-18 cm
.22-.35 lb | .1-.16 kg
2-6 years
Japanese Quail
16.000
33.000
18.000
0.160
6.00
10400
GUIDE
3D
Japanese Quail
5.9”-7.9” | 15-20 cm
18.1”-18.9” | 46-48 cm (Wingspan)
7.9”-10.6” | 20-27 cm
.17-.28 lb | .075-.128 kg
10-12 years
Killdeer
20.000
48.000
27.000
0.128
12.00
42250
GUIDE
3D
Killdeer
28”-39” | 70-100 cm
21-40 lb | 9.3-18 kg
15-30 years
King Penguin
100.000
18.000
30.00
15000
GUIDE
3D
King Penguin
63”-67” | 160-170 cm
17.7”-19.3” | 45-49 cm
198-220 lb | 90-100 kg
Kumimanu
170.000
49.000
100.000
750
GUIDE
3D
Kumimanu
12”-15” | 30.5-38 cm
4.7”-5.9” | 12-15 cm
2-3.5 lb | .9-1.6 kg
5-7 years
Little Penguin
38.000
15.000
1.600
7.00
19800
GUIDE
3D
Little Penguin
3.9”-4.5” | 10-11.5 cm
11”-12.6” | 28-32 cm (Wingspan)
7.9”-9.1” | 20-23 cm
1.2-1.8 oz | 34-51 g
7-13 years
Loggerhead Shrike
11.500
32.000
23.000
0.051
13.00
7650
GUIDE
3D
Loggerhead Shrike
24”-27” | 61-69 cm
7-14 lb | 3.2-6.4 kg
15-20 years
Macaroni Penguin
69.000
6.400
20.00
15000
GUIDE
3D
Macaroni Penguin
24”-30” | 61-76 cm
8.3”-10.6” | 21-27 cm
5.5-14.3 lb | 2.5-6.5 kg
20-30 years
Magellanic Penguin
76.000
27.000
6.500
30.00
8400
GUIDE
3D
Magellanic Penguin
12.2”-15.75” | 31-40 cm
85.4”-96” | 217-244 cm (Wingspan)
35”-44.9” | 89-114 cm
2.2-4.2 lb | 1-1.9 kg
10-22 years
Magnificent Frigatebird
40.000
244.000
114.000
1.900
22.00
6100
GUIDE
3D
Magnificent Frigatebird
Maleo
14040
16.1”-18.5” | 41-47 cm
11.8”-13.4” | 30-34 cm (Wingspan)
21.7”-23.6” | 55-60 cm
2.9-4 lb | 1.3-1.8 kg
16-23 years
Maleo
47.000
34.000
60.000
1.800
23.00
14040
GUIDE
3D
Maleo
Mallard
105400
12.6”-17.7” | 32-45 cm
32”-39” | 81-99 cm (Wingspan)
19.7”-28” | 50-71 cm
1.5-3.5 lb | .7-1.6 kg
5-29 years
Mallard
45.000
99.000
71.000
1.600
29.00
105400
GUIDE
3D
Mallard
8.3”-9.1” | 21-23 cm
29.5”-32.7” | 75-83 cm (Wingspan)
13.4”-14.6” | 34-37 cm
.46-.86 lb | .21-.39 kg
7-11 years
Mississippi Kite
23.000
83.000
37.000
0.390
11.00
9450
GUIDE
3D
Mississippi Kite
7.9”-8.9” | 20-22.5 cm
13.8”-15.75” | 35-40 cm (Wingspan)
10.2”-11” | 26-28 cm
.42-.64 lb | .19-.29 kg
2-4 years
Mountain Quail
22.500
40.000
28.000
0.290
4.00
5400
GUIDE
3D
Mountain Quail
14.2”-18.1” | 36-46 cm
54”-60” | 137-152 cm (Wingspan)
26”-33.1” | 66-84 cm
6-15 lb | 2.72-6.8 kg
6-15 years
Muscovy Duck
46.000
152.000
84.000
6.800
15.00
68000
GUIDE
3D
Muscovy Duck
33.1”-42.9” | 84-109 cm
59”-94” | 150-239 cm (Wingspan)
49.2”-63” | 125-160 cm
19-26 lb | 8.62-11.79 kg
15-25 years
Mute Swan
109.000
239.000
160.000
11.790
25.00
24800
GUIDE
3D
Mute Swan
6.3”-7.5” | 16-19 cm
13”-15” | 33-38 cm (Wingspan)
9.4”-11” | 24-28 cm
.35-.4 lb | .16-.18 kg
3-7 years
Northern Bobwhite
19.000
38.000
28.000
0.180
7.00
5500
GUIDE
3D
Northern Bobwhite
Hooded Merganser (Lophodytes cucullatus)
Comparison drawing of the Hooded Merganser compared to other waterfowl

The Hooded Merganser (Lophodytes cucullatus) is a diving duck that is characterized by its crest that can be raised or lowered. Adult males are strikingly patterned and colored, and when breeding they are mostly black with white markings. During the nonbreeding season the male is similar to the female with the exception of the male’s yellow eyes. The female is grayish-brown with a white narrow patch over the lower breast and belly; the crest is reddish-brown that extends from the back of the head. As diving predators, the Hooded Merganser mostly feed on fish, but they may also consume aquatic insects and other invertebrates.

The Hooded Merganser has a wingspan in the range of 23”-28” (58-71 cm) and total weight of 1-1.9 lb (.45-.88 kg). The body of the Hooded Merganser has an overall length between 15.75”-19.3” (40-49 cm), body width of 5.5”-6.7” (14-17 cm), and standing height of roughly 9.8”-12.2” (25-31 cm). The typical lifespan of the Hooded Merganser is between 11-16 years.

Set of scaled side and front drawings of the Hooded Merganser
The Hooded Merganser (Lophodytes cucullatus) is a diving duck that is characterized by its crest that can be raised or lowered. Adult males are strikingly patterned and colored, and when breeding they are mostly black with white markings. The Hooded Merganser mostly feeds on fish.

The Hooded Merganser has a wingspan in the range of 23”-28” (58-71 cm) and total weight of 1-1.9 lb (.45-.88 kg). The body of the Hooded Merganser has an overall length between 15.75”-19.3” (40-49 cm), body width of 5.5”-6.7” (14-17 cm), and standing height of roughly 9.8”-12.2” (25-31 cm). The typical lifespan of the Hooded Merganser is between 11-16 years.

Set of scaled side and front drawings of the Hooded Merganser
Hooded Merganser (Lophodytes cucullatus)
Height:
9.8”-12.2” | 25-31 cm
Width:
23”-28” | 58-71 cm (Wingspan)
Length:
15.75”-19.3” | 40-49 cm
Depth:
Weight:
1-1.9 lb | .45-.88 kg
Area:

Body Width: 5.5”-6.7” | 14-17 cm

Scientific Name
Lophodytes cucullatus
Lifespan
11-16 years

Drawings include:

Hooded Merganser side view, front, flying (assorted)

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Common Raven (Corvus corax)
Comparison drawing of the Common Raven compared to other songbirds

The Common Raven (Corvus corax) also commonly called the Western Raven or Northern Raven, is a large songbird with an all-black plumage. The call of the Common Raven can be distinguished as its song is deeper than that of the crow. The Common Raven can be found in all types of climates and thus has the largest geographical range of any songbird. The Common Raven has often been the subject in art, literature, mythology, and folklore. The Common Raven feeds off carrion – from small mice, grasshoppers, beetles, adult Rock Pigeons, and human garbage and food.

The Common Raven has a wingspan in the range of 45.3”-59” (115-150 cm) and total weight of 24.7-70.5 oz (.7-2 kg). The body of the Common Raven has an overall length between 20.9”-26.4” (53-67 cm), body width of 5.3”-6.3” (13.5-16 cm), and standing height of roughly 12.2”-15.75” (31-40 cm). The typical lifespan of the Common Raven is between 10-44 years.

Set of scaled side and front drawings of the Common Raven
The Common Raven (Corvus corax) also commonly called the Western Raven or Northern Raven, is a large songbird with an all-black plumage. The call of the Common Raven can be distinguished as its song is deeper than that of the crow. The Common Raven can be found in all types of climates.

The Common Raven has a wingspan in the range of 45.3”-59” (115-150 cm) and total weight of 24.7-70.5 oz (.7-2 kg). The body of the Common Raven has an overall length between 20.9”-26.4” (53-67 cm), body width of 5.3”-6.3” (13.5-16 cm), and standing height of roughly 12.2”-15.75” (31-40 cm). The typical lifespan of the Common Raven is between 10-44 years.

Set of scaled side and front drawings of the Common Raven
Common Raven (Corvus corax)
Height:
12.2”-15.75” | 31-40 cm
Width:
45.3”-59” | 115-150 cm (Wingspan)
Length:
20.9”-26.4” | 53-67 cm
Depth:
Weight:
24.7-70.5 oz | .7-2 kg
Area:

Body Width: 5.3”-6.3” | 13.5-16 cm

Scientific Name
Corvus corax
Lifespan
10-44 years

Drawings include:

Common Raven side view, front, flying (assorted)

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Sooty Shearwater (Ardenna grisea)
Comparison illustration of the size of a Sooty Shearwater to other species of seabirds

The Sooty Shearwater (Ardenna grisea) is a medium seabird with a dark coloring that gave it its name. Sooty shearwaters have plumage ranging from dark brown to black and are smaller than most gulls. These birds are typically loud and can croak. Sooty shearwaters are native to the islands like Falkland Islands, of the south Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Sooty shearwaters are long-distance migrants and are highly sociable as they are often seen in large gatherings in water and in flight. Sooty shearwaters typically eat fish, crustaceans, squid, and jellyfish. They are listed as near threatened to extinction.

The Sooty Shearwater has a wingspan in the range of 37”-43.3” (94-110 cm) and total weight of 1.4-2.2 lb (.65-1 kg). The body of the Sooty Shearwater has an overall length between 15.75”-20.1” (40-51 cm), body width of 5.9”-7.7” (15-19.5 cm), and standing height of roughly 10.2”-13.4” (26-34 cm). The typical lifespan of the Sooty Shearwater is between 20-40 years.

Scaled collection of drawings of Sooty Shearwater in various poses with dimensions
The Sooty Shearwater (Ardenna grisea) is a medium seabird with a dark coloring that gave it its name. Sooty shearwaters have plumage ranging from dark brown to black and are smaller than most gulls. These birds are typically loud and can croak. Sooty shearwaters are native to the Falkland Islands.

The Sooty Shearwater has a wingspan in the range of 37”-43.3” (94-110 cm) and total weight of 1.4-2.2 lb (.65-1 kg). The body of the Sooty Shearwater has an overall length between 15.75”-20.1” (40-51 cm), body width of 5.9”-7.7” (15-19.5 cm), and standing height of roughly 10.2”-13.4” (26-34 cm). The typical lifespan of the Sooty Shearwater is between 20-40 years.

Scaled collection of drawings of Sooty Shearwater in various poses with dimensions
Sooty Shearwater (Ardenna grisea)
Height:
10.2”-13.4” | 26-34 cm
Width:
37”-43.3” | 94-110 cm (Wingspan)
Length:
15.75”-20.1” | 40-51 cm
Depth:
Weight:
1.4-2.2 lb | .65-1 kg
Area:

Body Width: 5.9”-7.7” | 15-19.5 cm

Scientific Name
Ardenna grisea
Lifespan
20-40 years

Drawings include:

Sooty Shearwater side view, front, flying (assorted)

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Brown Creeper (Certhia americana)
Comparison drawing of the Brown Creeper compared to other songbirds

The Brown Creeper (Certhia americana) also referred to as the American Treecreeper is a small songbird with a brown plumage and light white spots. The male Brown Creeper sings a short song that only lasts a couple seconds. It sometimes joins single songs together and repeats them. The Brown Creeper is native to Canada as well as the northeastern and western regions of the United States. The Brown Creeper can generally be found in forests with large trees foraging for food. The diet of the Brown Creeper is made up of fruit flies, gnats, beetles, butterflies, moths, and lacewings.

The Brown Creeper has a wingspan in the range of 6.7”-7.9” (17-20 cm) and total weight of .2-.35 oz (5.7-9.9 g). The body of the Brown Creeper has an overall length between 4.7”-5.5” (12-14 cm), body width of 1.2”-1.6” (3-4 cm), and standing height of roughly 1.6”-2” (4-5 cm). The typical lifespan of the Brown Creeper is between 2-5 years.

Set of scaled side and front drawings of the Brown Creeper
The Brown Creeper (Certhia americana) also referred to as the American Treecreeper is a small songbird with a brown plumage and light white spots. The male Brown Creeper sings a short song that only lasts a couple seconds. It sometimes joins single songs together and repeats them.

The Brown Creeper has a wingspan in the range of 6.7”-7.9” (17-20 cm) and total weight of .2-.35 oz (5.7-9.9 g). The body of the Brown Creeper has an overall length between 4.7”-5.5” (12-14 cm), body width of 1.2”-1.6” (3-4 cm), and standing height of roughly 1.6”-2” (4-5 cm). The typical lifespan of the Brown Creeper is between 2-5 years.

Set of scaled side and front drawings of the Brown Creeper
Brown Creeper (Certhia americana)
Height:
1.6”-2” | 4-5 cm
Width:
6.7”-7.9” | 17-20 cm (Wingspan)
Length:
4.7”-5.5” | 12-14 cm
Depth:
Weight:
.2-.35 oz | 5.7-9.9 g
Area:

Body Width: 1.2”-1.6” | 3-4 cm

Scientific Name
Certhia americana
Lifespan
2-5 years

Drawings include:

Brown Creeper side view, front, flying (assorted)

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Southern Giant Petrel (Macronectes giganteus)
Scale illustration of an average Southern Giant Petrel compared to other seabird species

The Southern Giant Petrel (Macronectes giganteus) also known as the giant fulmar is a large seabird. Southern giant petrels have a dark plumage, a large yellow bill with a green tip, and gray-brown legs. They are known as the vultures of the Southern Ocean and are the most common seabirds. Southern giant petrels typically breed in the Antarctic continent and subarctic islands like Heard Island and South Georgia. They nest in rocky bluffs, open flats, and offshore rocks. This species of petrel feeds on fish, krill, and any waste from boats. They are not considered to be in danger of extinction.

The Southern Giant Petrel has a wingspan in the range of 59”-82.7” (150-210 cm) and total weight of 6.6-18.7 lb (3-8.5 kg). The body of the Southern Giant Petrel has an overall length between 31.5”-39” (80-99 cm), body width of 9.1”-10.8” (23-27.5 cm), and standing height of roughly 17.7”-20.9” (45-53 cm). The typical lifespan of the Southern Giant Petrel is between 15-30 years.

Series of measured illustrations of the Southern Giant Petrel
The Southern Giant Petrel (Macronectes giganteus) also known as the giant fulmar is a large seabird. Southern giant petrels have a dark plumage, a large yellow bill with a green tip, and gray-brown legs. They are known as the vultures of the Southern Ocean and are the most common seabirds.

The Southern Giant Petrel has a wingspan in the range of 59”-82.7” (150-210 cm) and total weight of 6.6-18.7 lb (3-8.5 kg). The body of the Southern Giant Petrel has an overall length between 31.5”-39” (80-99 cm), body width of 9.1”-10.8” (23-27.5 cm), and standing height of roughly 17.7”-20.9” (45-53 cm). The typical lifespan of the Southern Giant Petrel is between 15-30 years.

Series of measured illustrations of the Southern Giant Petrel
Southern Giant Petrel (Macronectes giganteus)
Height:
17.7”-20.9” | 45-53 cm
Width:
59”-82.7” | 150-210 cm (Wingspan)
Length:
31.5”-39” | 80-99 cm
Depth:
Weight:
6.6-18.7 lb | 3-8.5 kg
Area:

Body Width: 9.1”-10.8” | 23-27.5 cm

Scientific Name
Macronectes giganteus
Lifespan
15-30 years

Drawings include:

Southern Giant Petrel side view, front, flying (assorted)

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