Odd-Toed Ungulates | Perissodactyla

Odd-toed ungulates, in comparison to even-toed ungulates, bear the majority of weight on one toe only; their third toe. The other difference between the two ungulate families, is that odd-toed ungulates digest cellulose in their intestines, not their stomach. The odd-toed ungulate family is rather small, consisting of horses, donkeys, tapirs, and rhinoceros. Despite the size of this family, odd-toed ungulates have an extensive reach and are present across the globe, due to establishment of feral populations. Two of the odd-toed ungulate species have been domesticated; horses and donkeys. All odd-toed ungulates are either large to very large, with the smallest still weighing in at 200 kg or 440 lbs.

Which animals are odd-toed ungulates?

There are about 17 species of odd-toed ungulates. Animals that are odd-toed ungulates include the javan rhinoceros, mountain tapir, mountain zebra, onager, kiang, mule, donkey, and horse. Other animals include the Sumatran rhinoceros, African wild ass, and Malayan tapir.

What are the shared characteristics of odd-toed ungulates?

Shared characteristics of odd-toed ungulates include them being herbivores and each having 1 or 3 hoofed toes on each hindfoot. They also have a long upper jaw and a reduced ulna and fibula bones simplifying both the wrist and ankle joint. They don’t have a clavicle bone making running more efficient.

What are the differences between odd and even-toed ungulates?

The most notable difference between even and odd-toed ungulates is the number of toes they have. Odd-toed ungulates have an odd number of toes, while even-toed ungulates have an even number of toes (2 or 4). Odd-toed ungulates are able to digest plant matter in their intestines, while even-toed ungulates digest their meals in one or more stomach chambers.

Odd-Toed Ungulates Guides
Browse through our curated Odd-Toed Ungulates Guides for additional categorizations, tips, details, variations, styles, and histories of Odd-Toed Ungulates. Guides provide additional insights into the unique properties and shared relationships between elements.

Odd-Toed Ungulates

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55.1”-65” | 140-165 cm
78.7”-92.5” | 200-235 cm
507-606 lb | 230-275 kg
25-40 years
African Wild Ass
165.000
235.000
275.000
40.00
4200
GUIDE
3D
African Wild Ass
14-16 hands (56”-64” | 142-163 cm)
900-1000 lb | 408-454 kg
20 years (Typical)
Akhal-Teke
163.000
454.000
20.00
6900
GUIDE
3D
Akhal-Teke
14.75-15.5 hands (59”-62” | 150-158 cm)
900-1200 lb | 408-544 kg
25 years (Typical)
Andalusian Horse
158.000
544.000
25.00
19000
GUIDE
3D
Andalusian Horse
14-16 hands (56”-64” | 142-163 cm)
950-1250 lb | 431-567 kg
30 years (Typical)
Appaloosa Horse
163.000
567.000
30.00
17000
GUIDE
3D
Appaloosa Horse
14.25-15.25 hands (57”-61” | 145-155 cm)
800-1000 lb | 363-454 kg
25-30 years (Typical)
Arabian Horse
155.000
454.000
30.00
39000
GUIDE
3D
Arabian Horse
39.4”-51.2” | 100-130 cm
16.5”-22.4” | 42-57 cm
70.9”-98.4” | 180-250 cm
331-661 lb | 150-300 kg
20-30 years
Baird's Tapir
130.000
57.000
250.000
300.000
30.00
750
GUIDE
3D
Baird's Tapir
4.9’-6.2’ | 1.5-1.9 m
3’-3.6’ | .9-1.1 m
9.8’-12.3’ | 3-3.75 m
1,764-3,086 lb | 800-1,400 kg
30-50 years
Black Rhinoceros
190.000
110.000
375.000
1400.000
50.00
66000
GUIDE
3D
Black Rhinoceros
39.4”-47.2” | 100-120 cm
15.75”-18.9” | 40-48 cm
70.9”-87” | 180-221 cm
397-705 lb | 180-320 kg
25-40 years
Brazilian Tapir
120.000
48.000
221.000
320.000
40.00
4700
GUIDE
3D
Brazilian Tapir
16-18 hands (64”-72” | 162-183 cm)
1800-2200 lb | 816-998 kg
20-25 years (Typical)
Clydesdale Horse
183.000
998.000
25.00
24000
GUIDE
3D
Clydesdale Horse
Donkey
119000
43”-57” | 109-145 cm
57”-76” | 145-193 cm
400-500 lb | 180-225 kg
25-40 years
Donkey
145.000
193.000
225.000
25.00
119000
GUIDE
3D
Donkey
14.5-17 hands (58”-68” | 147-173 cm)
1200-1400 lb | 544-635 kg
16 years (Typical)
Friesian Horse
173.000
635.000
16.00
38000
GUIDE
3D
Friesian Horse
13.5-15 hands (54”-60” | 137-152 cm)
800-1300 lb | 363-590 kg
25-30 years (Typical)
Haflinger Horse
152.000
590.000
30.00
5100
GUIDE
3D
Haflinger Horse
Hinny
36000
41.3”-57” | 105-145 cm
53.1”-72.8” | 135-185 cm
300-800 lb | 136-363 kg
30-40 years
Hinny
145.000
185.000
363.000
40.00
36000
GUIDE
3D
Hinny
5.6’-6.7’ | 1.7-2.05 m
3.6’-4.1’ | 1.1-1.25 m
10.8’-12.5’ | 3.3-3.8 m
3,527-4,850 lb | 1,600-2,200 kg
35-45 years
Indian Rhinoceros
205.000
125.000
380.000
2200.000
45.00
23300
GUIDE
3D
Indian Rhinoceros
45.3”-51.2” | 115-130 cm
55.1”-63.8” | 140-162 cm
441-573 lb | 200-260 kg
20-40 years
Indian Wild Ass
130.000
162.000
260.000
40.00
5080
GUIDE
3D
Indian Wild Ass
4.9’-5.6’ | 1.5-1.7 m
3’-3.3’ | .9-1 m
9.8’-11.2’ | 3-3.4 m
3,307-4,409 lb | 1,500-2,000 kg
30-45 years
Javan Rhinoceros
170.000
100.000
340.000
2000.000
45.00
29700
GUIDE
3D
Javan Rhinoceros
18.9”-29.1” | 48-74 cm
9.8”-15” | 25-38 cm
32.7”-51.2” | 83-130 cm
220-243 lb | 100-110 kg
25-35 years
Kabomani Tapir
74.000
38.000
130.000
110.000
35.00
280
GUIDE
3D
Kabomani Tapir
Kiang
11050
56.3”-61” | 143-155 cm
74.8”-86.6” | 190-220 cm
551-882 lb | 250-400 kg
20-30 years
Kiang
155.000
220.000
400.000
30.00
11050
GUIDE
3D
Kiang
40.2”-51.2” | 102-130 cm
19.3”-24.4” | 49-62 cm
72.8”-94.5” | 185-240 cm
551-882 lb | 250-400 kg
25-37 years
Malayan Tapir
130.000
62.000
240.000
400.000
37.00
13200
GUIDE
3D
Malayan Tapir
8.5-9.5 hands (34”-38” | 86-97 cm)
150-350 lb | 68-159 kg
25-35 years (Typical)
Miniature Horse
97.000
159.000
35.00
16000
GUIDE
3D
Miniature Horse
41.3”-55.1” | 105-140 cm
55.1”-70.9” | 140-180 cm
441-573 lb | 200-260 kg
15-40 years
Mongolian Wild Ass
140.000
180.000
260.000
40.00
3180
GUIDE
3D
Mongolian Wild Ass
14-15.25 hands (56”-61” | 142-155 cm)
900-1100 lb | 408-499 kg
30 years (Typical)
Morgan Horse
155.000
499.000
30.00
15000
GUIDE
3D
Morgan Horse
35.4”-44.5” | 90-113 cm
18.9”-21.7” | 48-55 cm
70.9”-78.7” | 180-200 cm
300-551 lb | 136-250 kg
28-30 years
Mountain Tapir
113.000
55.000
200.000
250.000
30.00
2900
GUIDE
3D
Mountain Tapir
Mule
309000
63”-78.7” | 160-200 cm
70.9”-86.6” | 180-220 cm
820-1,000 lb | 372-454 kg
30-40 years
Mule
200.000
220.000
454.000
40.00
309000
GUIDE
3D
Mule
14.5-16 hands (58”-64” | 147-163 cm)
1000-1200 lb | 454-544 kg
31 years (Typical)
Paint Horse
163.000
544.000
31.00
16000
GUIDE
3D
Paint Horse
56.3”-63” | 143-160 cm
66.9”-75.6” | 170-192 cm
441-573 lb | 200-260 kg
20-40 years
Persian Onager
160.000
192.000
260.000
40.00
1000
GUIDE
3D
Persian Onager
51"-75" | 130-191 cm
64"-96" | 163-244 cm
440-990 lb | 200-450 kg
20-30 years
Plains Zebra
191.000
244.000
450.000
30.00
128000
GUIDE
3D
Plains Zebra
51.2”-61” | 130-155 cm
63”-74.8” | 160-190 cm
551-794 lb | 250-360 kg
20-25 years
Przewalski's Horse
155.000
190.000
360.000
25.00
310
GUIDE
3D
Przewalski's Horse
Quagga
102300
53.1”-57” | 135-145 cm
65”-70.9” | 165-180 cm
551-661 lb | 250-300 kg
20-40 years
Quagga
145.000
180.000
300.000
40.00
102300
GUIDE
3D
Quagga
14-16 hands (56”-64” | 142-163 cm)
900-1250 lb | 408-567 kg
25-35 years (Typical)
Quarter Horse
163.000
567.000
35.00
26000
GUIDE
3D
Quarter Horse
7-11 hands (28”-44” | 71-112 cm)
400-450 lb | 181-204 kg
30 years (Typical)
Shetland Pony
112.000
204.000
30.00
21000
GUIDE
3D
Shetland Pony
16-19 hands (64”-76” | 163-193 cm)
1975-2425 lb | 900–1100 kg
24-28 years (Typical)
Shire Horse
193.000
1100.000
28.00
26000
GUIDE
3D
Shire Horse
4.4’-5.4’ | 1.35-1.65 m
2.5’-3.1’ | .75-.95 m
7.9’-9.8’ | 2.4-3 m
1,102-2,094 lb | 500-950 kg
30-35 years
Sumatran Rhinoceros
165.000
95.000
300.000
950.000
35.00
18300
GUIDE
3D
Sumatran Rhinoceros
Tarpan
27100
54.3”-59.8” | 138-152 cm
70.9”-78.7” | 180-200 cm
661-882 lb | 300-400 kg
25-30 years
Tarpan
152.000
200.000
400.000
30.00
27100
GUIDE
3D
Tarpan
15-17 hands (60”-68” | 152-173 cm)
900-1150 lb | 408-522 kg
25-30 years (Typical)
Thoroughbred
173.000
522.000
30.00
7500
GUIDE
3D
Thoroughbred
5.7’-7.1’ | 1.75-2.15 m
3.4’-4.3’ | 1.05-1.32 m
11.2’-13.8’ | 3.4-4.2 m
3,968-5,512 lb | 1,800-2,500 kg
35-50 years
White Rhinoceros
215.000
132.000
420.000
2500.000
50.00
133500
GUIDE
3D
White Rhinoceros
Zonkey
40000
45.3”-65” | 115-165 cm
53.1”-76.8” | 135-195 cm
500-700 lb | 227-318 kg
15-25 years
Zonkey
165.000
195.000
318.000
25.00
40000
GUIDE
3D
Zonkey
Zony
15000
46.5”-53.1” | 118-135 cm
55.1”-66.9” | 140-170 cm
500-700 lb | 227-318 kg
15-25 years
Zony
135.000
170.000
318.000
25.00
15000
GUIDE
3D
Zony
Zorse
39000
57”-72.8” | 145-185 cm
76.8”-98.4” | 195-250 cm
507-1,000 lb | 230-454 kg
15-30 years
Zorse
185.000
250.000
454.000
30.00
39000
GUIDE
3D
Zorse
Shetland Pony
Comparison illustration of the size of a Shetland Pony to a typical person

The Shetland Pony is a Scottish pony breed from the northern Scotland Shetland Islands. Shetland Ponies can be almost any color, like skewbald and pinto, but they are mostly black, chestnut, bay, brown, palomino, dun, roan, and silver. They have a heavy coating and short legs and are regarded as very smart. Their size is strong and used for riding, driving, and packaging purposes. Shetland Ponies are sweet, well-tempered, and by definition very knowledgeable. They make nice children's ponies, and often they are considered to have a "brave" heart.

Shetland Ponies have a shoulder height of 7-11 hands (28”-44” | 71-112 cm), an overall weight in the range of 400-450 lb (181-204 kg) and a typical lifespan of 30 years. Shetland Ponies have coat colors that include bay, black, brown, buckskin, champagne, chestnut, cream, dun, gray, palomino, and various types of roan.

Series of side elevation illustrations of the Shetland Pony
The Shetland Pony is a Scottish pony breed from the northern Scotland Shetland Islands. Shetland Ponies can be almost any color, like skewbald and pinto, but they are mostly black, chestnut, bay, brown, palomino, dun, roan, and silver. They have a heavy coating, short legs and are regarded as smart.

Shetland Ponies have a shoulder height of 7-11 hands (28”-44” | 71-112 cm), an overall weight in the range of 400-450 lb (181-204 kg) and a typical lifespan of 30 years. Shetland Ponies have coat colors that include bay, black, brown, buckskin, champagne, chestnut, cream, dun, gray, palomino, and various types of roan.

Series of side elevation illustrations of the Shetland Pony
Shetland Pony
Height:
7-11 hands (28”-44” | 71-112 cm)
Width:
Length:
Depth:
Weight:
400-450 lb | 181-204 kg
Area:
Coat Colors
Bay, black, brown, buckskin, champagne, chestnut, cream, dun, gray, palomino, roan
Scientific Name
Lifespan
30 years (Typical)

Drawings include:

Shetland Pony side elevation (standing), front (standing), side (running)

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Sumatran Rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis)
Scale illustration of an average Sumatran Rhinoceros compared to other species of Rhino

The smallest rhinoceros in the Rhinocerotidae family is the Sumatran Rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) found mostly in the Indian subcontinent and southwest China. It is also called the Asian two-horned rhinoceros or hairy rhinoceros, preferring rainforests, cloud forests, and swamps. It has two horns in the snout but is much smaller than those on the African continent. The hide is dark red-brown. There are also patches of a clump of hair along the ears, and the end of the tail. You may also find folds of skin around the neck, before the hind legs, and behind the front legs. It is agile, and an expert climber of steep slopes and riverbanks. The Sumatran rhinoceros is solitary and considered the most vocal among all rhinoceros.

Sumatran Rhinoceros' have a total body length between 7.9’-9.8’ (2.4-3 m), standing shoulder height of 4.4’-5.4’ (1.35-1.65 m), body width of 2.5’-3.1’ (.75-.95 m), and typical weight in the range of 1,102-2,094 lb (500-950 kg). The front horn of the Sumatran Rhinoceros has a length between 9.8”-31.5” (25-80 cm) while the rear horn has a length of 2”-3” (5-7.6 cm). Sumatran Rhinoceros' have lifespans between 30-35 years.

Pair of elevation illustrations of the Sumatran Rhinoceros seen from the side and front
The smallest rhinoceros in the Rhinocerotidae family is the Sumatran Rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) found mostly in the Indian subcontinent and southwest China. It is also called the Asian two-horned rhinoceros or hairy rhinoceros, preferring rainforests, cloud forests, and swamps.

Sumatran Rhinoceros' have a total body length between 7.9’-9.8’ (2.4-3 m), standing shoulder height of 4.4’-5.4’ (1.35-1.65 m), body width of 2.5’-3.1’ (.75-.95 m), and typical weight in the range of 1,102-2,094 lb (500-950 kg). The front horn of the Sumatran Rhinoceros has a length between 9.8”-31.5” (25-80 cm) while the rear horn has a length of 2”-3” (5-7.6 cm). Sumatran Rhinoceros' have lifespans between 30-35 years.

Pair of elevation illustrations of the Sumatran Rhinoceros seen from the side and front
Sumatran Rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis)
Height:
4.4’-5.4’ | 1.35-1.65 m
Width:
2.5’-3.1’ | .75-.95 m
Length:
7.9’-9.8’ | 2.4-3 m
Depth:
Weight:
1,102-2,094 lb | 500-950 kg
Area:

Horn Length: 9.8”-31.5” | 25-80 cm (Front); 2”-3” | 5-7.6 cm (Rear)

Scientific Name
Dicerorhinus sumatrensis
Lifespan
30-35 years

Drawings include:

Sumatran Rhinoceros side elevation, front

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Zony (Equus zebra x Equus caballus)
Scale illustration of an average Zony compared to a human

The Zony (Equus zebra x Equus equine) is the cross between a male zebra and the female pony. They are typically not large, but are strong. Zonies have the stripes of a zebra. The stripes do not cover their entire body, but only certain parts, like the neck or legs. When breeding the zony a medium sized pony is often preferred to create a riding zony. They are mostly found in zoos and are seen in the wild in Africa. They are herbivores and eat plant matter. The zony has a lifespan ranging between 15 to 25 years.

Zonies have a shoulder height between 43”–48” (109-122 cm), overall standing height of 46.5”-53.1” (118-135 cm), and body length of 55.1”-66.9” (140-170 cm). The weight of a Zony is between 500-700 lb (227-318 kg). Zonies have a typical lifespan of 15-25 years.

Collection of scaled drawings of Zony in various poses with dimensions
The Zony (Equus zebra x Equus equine) is the cross between a male zebra and the female pony. They are typically not large, but are strong. Zonies have the stripes of a zebra. The stripes do not cover their entire body, but only certain parts, like the neck or legs.

Zonies have a shoulder height between 43”–48” (109-122 cm), overall standing height of 46.5”-53.1” (118-135 cm), and body length of 55.1”-66.9” (140-170 cm). The weight of a Zony is between 500-700 lb (227-318 kg). Zonies have a typical lifespan of 15-25 years.

Collection of scaled drawings of Zony in various poses with dimensions
Zony (Equus zebra x Equus caballus)
Height:
46.5”-53.1” | 118-135 cm
Width:
Length:
55.1”-66.9” | 140-170 cm
Depth:
Withers Height
43”–48” | 109-122 cm
Weight:
500-700 lb | 227-318 kg
Area:
Scientific Name
Equus zebra x Equus caballus
Lifespan
15-25 years

Drawings include:

Zony side elevation (assorted), front, back

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Clydesdale Horse
Dimensioned comparison drawing of the Clydesdale Horse compared to an average person

The Clydesdale Horse is a Scottish horse-drawn breed. This is known after its place of roots, the Clydesdale or the valley of the River Clyde, much of which is situated in the county of Lanarkshire. It is a large and strong animal, but not as heavy as it was in the past.

It is well-muscled and heavy, with an arched back, high withers, and a sloping head and with indistinguishable hooves and legs. It has historically been used for draught strength, both in agriculture and in road haulage. It is now primarily a carriage horse, so it can be ridden or guided in parades or processions.

Clydesdale Horses have a shoulder height of 16-18 hands (64”-72” | 162-183 cm), an overall weight in the range of 1800-2200 lb (816-998 kg) and a typical lifespan of 20-25 years. Clydesdale Horses have coat colors of bay with white blaze (common), black, chestnut, gray, pinto, and roan.

Set of standing side elevation drawings of the Clydesdale Horse
The Clydesdale Horse is a Scottish horse-drawn breed. This is known after its place of roots, the Clydesdale or the valley of the River Clyde, much of which is situated in the county of Lanarkshire. It is a large and strong animal, but not as heavy as it was in the past.

Clydesdale Horses have a shoulder height of 16-18 hands (64”-72” | 162-183 cm), an overall weight in the range of 1800-2200 lb (816-998 kg) and a typical lifespan of 20-25 years. Clydesdale Horses have coat colors of bay with white blaze (common), black, chestnut, gray, pinto, and roan.

Set of standing side elevation drawings of the Clydesdale Horse
Clydesdale Horse
Height:
16-18 hands (64”-72” | 162-183 cm)
Width:
Length:
Depth:
Weight:
1800-2200 lb | 816-998 kg
Area:
Coat Colors
Bay with white blaze (common), black, chestnut, gray, pinto, roan
Scientific Name
Lifespan
20-25 years (Typical)

Drawings include:

Clydesdale Horse side elevation (standing), front (standing), side (running)

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Mountain Tapir (Tapirus pinchaque)
Scale illustration of an average Mountain Tapir compared to other species of Hyrax

The Mountain Tapir (Tapirus pinchaque) is the second smallest tapir in the Tapiridae family. It inhabits the high northern Andes and cloud forests of Peru, Colombia, and Ecuador. These cold areas make them develop thick wooly coats. The Mountain tapir has white lips and a black or solid dark brown coat. The tail is small and stubby, while the proboscis is long and flexible. The neck is short and the legs are slender. The ears are small and round. Besides, their front section is tapered and rear round, making them extremely agile. Females are heavier than males.

Mountain Tapirs have a total body length between 70.9”-78.7” (180-200 cm), standing shoulder height of 35.4”-44.5” (90-113 cm), and body width of 18.9”-21.7” (48-55 cm). The typical weight of the Mountain Tapir is in the range of 300-551 lb (136-250 kg). Mountain Tapir have lifespans between 28-30 years.

Pair of elevation illustrations of the Mountain Tapir seen from the side and front
The Mountain Tapir (Tapirus pinchaque) is the second smallest tapir in the Tapiridae family. It inhabits the high northern Andes and cloud forests of Peru, Colombia, and Ecuador. These cold areas make them develop thick wooly coats. The Mountain tapir has white lips and a black or solid brown coat.

Mountain Tapirs have a total body length between 70.9”-78.7” (180-200 cm), standing shoulder height of 35.4”-44.5” (90-113 cm), and body width of 18.9”-21.7” (48-55 cm). The typical weight of the Mountain Tapir is in the range of 300-551 lb (136-250 kg). Mountain Tapir have lifespans between 28-30 years.

Pair of elevation illustrations of the Mountain Tapir seen from the side and front
Mountain Tapir (Tapirus pinchaque)
Height:
35.4”-44.5” | 90-113 cm
Width:
18.9”-21.7” | 48-55 cm
Length:
70.9”-78.7” | 180-200 cm
Depth:
Weight:
300-551 lb | 136-250 kg
Area:
Scientific Name
Tapirus pinchaque
Lifespan
28-30 years

Drawings include:

Mountain Tapir side elevation, front

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