Seabirds are a species of bird that spends most of its life in marine habitats. Some can be found in freshwater environments as well. Seabirds generally live longer, breed later, and have fewer young than other bird species. Seabirds also tend to nest in colonies and have extraordinarily long migrations, sometimes across the equator or around the world. Seabirds typically roam very far out to sea and can spend years at a time out at sea, returning only to nest or hatch young. Seabirds have different adaptations for life at sea, including their plumage which is drab, and dark colored so that they are camouflaged to be protected from predators above and below.
Seabirds are a diverse group of birds adapted to life mainly at sea. They have streamlined bodies for efficient swimming and diving, with webbed feet for propulsion in water. Their wings are typically long and narrow, suited for gliding over vast ocean distances. Many have specialized salt glands to excrete excess salt from ingesting seawater. Seabirds' keen eyesight is vital for spotting prey from above the water's surface. Vocalizations vary widely, from the haunting calls of albatrosses to the raucous cries of gulls. Their sense of smell is also well-developed, aiding in locating food and navigating the expansive oceans.
Humans and seabirds have a complex relationship. Historically, seabirds have been vital for sailors as navigational aids, food sources, and even guano for fertilizer. In pop culture, they symbolize freedom and the vastness of the oceans, often featured in literature and films.
Conservation efforts have become crucial as many seabird species face threats from overfishing, pollution, and habitat destruction. Organizations and governments work to protect nesting grounds and marine environments. Additionally, seabirds play a significant role in indigenous cultures as totems and in folklore, highlighting the deep connection and responsibility humans have towards these guardians of the ocean.
Seabirds are birds adapted to life at sea. They have feathers that are dark on top and lighter underneath. Apart from that, their nostrils are enclosed in tubes, hence can smell food several miles away. However, what makes them easily adapted to sea life is the waterproof feathers, fat layers, and ability to desalinate themselves.
Seabirds shape coastal ecosystems in three distinct ways. They carry marine nutrients from the deep sea to the islands and reefs, drop layers of organic matter at their colonies (fertilizing underdeveloped soil), and disperse seeds. Unfortunately, they are often overlooked and their habitats and food sources are exploited by humans.
Seabirds are well adapted to life on air, water, and even land. So they can swim, dive, float, and fly. This ability to swim is because they have waterproof feathers, fat layers to keep warm in cold water, and can desalinate themselves. They can also hold their breath underwater for three to ten minutes.
